Clinical study to investigate the adjuvant role of Pentoxifylline in patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled study

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 156, P. 114689 - 114689

Published: April 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of metformin as an adjunctive therapy in Parkinson’s disease

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: May 2, 2025

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. Neuroinflammation considered a key factor contributing to pathophysiology PD. Current gold-standard therapies for PD provide only symptomatic relief without slowing progression, highlighting need develop new disease-modifying treatments. Metformin has been demonstrated exert neuroprotective role several neurodegenerative disorders including Aim This study aimed clarify metformin as adjuvant therapy patients with Methods Sixty were divided into 2 groups (n = 30). Patients group 1 received levodopa/carbidopa (250/25 mg) three times daily 3 months plus placebo (Control group), while those and 500 mg two (Metformin group). assessed via Unified Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The serum concentrations toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4), α-synuclein, brain derived neurotropic (BDNF), high mobility box (HMGB-1) measured before after treatment. Primary outcome improvement UPDRS from baseline months. Secondary Change level biological markers. Results control did not show significant difference when compared their value Wilcoxon test ( P > 0.05), meanwhile showed treatment < 0.05). There no differences between 0.05) Man Whitney test. However, decrease TLR-4, HMGB-1, α-synuclein along statistically increase BDNF its group. any changes all markers baseline. Conclusion While scores observed groups, trends biomarker suggest potential impact adjunctive use on underlying Further studies are needed assess effects motor symptoms over longer duration. Clinical Trial Registration identifier NCT05781711.

Language: Английский

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The Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin and Its Novel Synthetic Analogs in Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders, Inflammation‐Associated Pathologies, and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Medicinal Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 8, 2025

ABSTRACT Melatonin, N ‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine, is a tryptophan‐derived hormone mostly produced in the pineal gland, despite being synthesized locally at several tissues and organs. This production rhythmically controlled by complex clock gene networks master pacemaker located suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus. Melatonin usually secreted only during dark phase day essential to synchronize circadian rhythms neuroendocrine physiological processes. Its main clinical use associated with treatment jet lag other rhythm sleep disorders, growing number promising therapeutic applications due diverse roles melatonin. In this review, we explore melatonin its receptors provide an updated overview on research concerning role melatonin, either as endogenous molecule or drug, in: sleep–wake cycle regulation; rhythms; inflammatory processes that may compromise cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal, reproductive system functions; neurodegenerative disorders such Alzheimer's Parkinson's disease. The most recent findings synthetic analogs agomelatine ramelteon are highlighted, pointing toward new compounds pharmacological activity while emphasizing their structural differences advantages when compared

Language: Английский

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Cytoprotective effect of melatonin against MPP+ toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells: Role sharing of two types of antioxidative activities of melatonin

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 742, P. 151074 - 151074

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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