Exosome-based therapy for spinal cord injury: a narrative review

Advanced technology in neuroscience ., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 12, 2025

Currently, treatments such as stem cell transplantation, gene therapy, and anti-inflammatory approaches have shown some promise in addressing spinal cord injury. However, there is still a lack of more effective treatment options. Thus, improved strategies are needed to enhance efficacy promote functional recovery. Exosome-based therapy has emerged promising strategy because exosomes can deliver bioactive molecules, modulate inflammation, tissue regeneration. This review highlights recent advancements the use derived from various types, including mesenchymal cells macrophages, for Exosomes nanoscale vesicles secreted by that involved transporting biomolecules, regulating intercellular communication, reducing inflammatory responses, promoting angiogenesis, providing neuroprotection. The article discusses diagnostic, therapeutic, prognostic roles exosomes, along with administration methods. It mechanisms which different types facilitate injury repair, nerve regeneration, inhibiting apoptosis, an antioxidant stress response. Additionally, emerging techniques engineered targeted delivery systems explored therapeutic specificity. Although exosome faces challenges, need standardized preparation, precise delivery, dose optimization, bioengineered show potential. Overall, exosome-based technology neuroscience offers new perspectives methods treating injury, potential improve recovery patients, thereby warranting future clinical translation.

Language: Английский

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Transcription Factor‐Based Gene Therapy Enables Functional Repair of Rat Following Chronic Ischemic Stroke

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(5)

Published: May 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Objective In vivo transcription factor (TF) ‐mediated gene therapy through astrocyte‐to‐neuron (AtN) conversion has shown therapeutic effects on rodent and non‐human primate cortical ischemic injury in the subacute phase. However, clinic, subcortical regions including striatum as well white matter are vulnerable of stroke, with millions patients beyond this study, we investigate whether TF‐mediated AtN can be extended to treat chronic‐phase stroke involving (e.g., striatum) matter, injuries. Methods Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)‐like models were established induce broad injuries striatal regions. Then multiple rounds treatments adeno‐associated virus (AAV) system cover large‐scaled infarct areas conducted chronic phase models. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), [ 18 F] FDG‐PET/CT, behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry bulk‐RNA seq applied evaluate conversion, tissue repair functional recovery. Results Our results revealed that administrated efficiently regenerate new neurons both regions, promote grey matter. Compared single round AAV administration, treatment regenerated more led a significant Conclusions study demonstrates time window severe making it an attractive intervention after when current approaches largely ineffective.

Language: Английский

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The Recent Applications of PLGA-Based Nanostructures for Ischemic Stroke

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 2322 - 2322

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

With the accelerated development of nanotechnology in recent years, nanomaterials have become increasingly prevalent medical field. The poly (lactic acid–glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA) is one most commonly used biodegradable polymers. It biocompatible and can be fabricated into various nanostructures, depending on requirements. Ischemic stroke a common, disabling, fatal illness that burdens society. There need for further improvement diagnosis treatment this disease. PLGA-based nanostructures facilitate therapeutic compounds’ passage through physicochemical barrier. They provide both sustained controlled release compounds when loaded with drugs ischemic stroke. clinical significance potential also seen their applications cell transplantation imaging diagnostics This paper summarizes synthesis properties PLGA reviews detail drug delivery, disease therapy, transplantation,

Language: Английский

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Stem cell-based ischemic stroke therapy: Novel modifications and clinical challenges

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 100867 - 100867

Published: Nov. 10, 2023

Ischemic stroke (IS) causes severe disability and high mortality worldwide. Stem cell (SC) therapy exhibits unique therapeutic potential for IS that differs from current treatments. SC's homing, differentiation paracrine abilities give hope neuroprotection. Recent studies on SC modification have enhanced effects IS, including gene transfection, nanoparticle modification, biomaterial pretreatment. These methods improve survival rate, neural differentiation, in ischemic areas. However, many problems must be resolved before can clinically applied. issues include production quality quantity, stability during transportation storage, as well usage regulations. Herein, we reviewed the brief pathogenesis of "multi-mechanism" advantages SCs treating various methods, challenges. We aim to uncover overcome challenges using convey innovative ideas modifying SCs.

Language: Английский

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Genetically engineered neural stem cells (NSCs) therapy for neurological diseases; state‐of‐the‐art

Biotechnology Progress, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(5)

Published: May 23, 2023

Abstract Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent with remarkable self‐renewal potential and also unique competencies to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes (ODCs) improve the cellular microenvironment. In addition, NSCs secret diversity of mediators, including neurotrophic factors (e.g., BDNF, NGF, GDNF, CNTF, NT‐3), pro‐angiogenic mediators FGF‐2 VEGF), anti‐inflammatory biomolecules. Thereby, transplantation has become a reasonable effective treatment for various neurodegenerative disorders by their capacity induce neurogenesis vasculogenesis dampen neuroinflammation oxidative stress. Nonetheless, drawbacks such as lower migration survival less differential particular cell lineage concerning disease pathogenesis hinder application. Thus, genetic engineering before is recently regarded an innovative strategy bypass these hurdles. Indeed, genetically modified could bring about more favored therapeutic influences post‐transplantation in vivo, making them excellent option neurological therapy. This review first time offers comprehensive capability rather than naïve beyond brain tumors sheds light on recent progress prospect this context.

Language: Английский

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