A state-of-the-art review (2019–2023) on constructed wetlands for greywater treatment and reuse

Environmental Challenges, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16, P. 100973 - 100973

Published: July 2, 2024

Faced with increasing water scarcity, the potential of greywater reuse stands out, but requires effective treatment to remove organic matter, pathogens, surfactants, and suspended solids. Constructed Wetlands (CW) are sustainable decentralized technologies gaining prominence for this propose. They recognized their low-cost, simplicity, effectiveness in wastewater treatment, producing effluents that meet quality standards reuse. Despite advantages, there is a need deeper understanding factors influence performance efficiency. This review aims fill gap by systematically analyzing current research on CW technology, identifying key variables affect its application improvement. A systematic considering period 2019–2023 was carried out using Methodi Ordinatio, multicriteria decision-making methodology. The search databases were Science direct, Web science Scopus. approach involves structures process selecting scientific articles, resulting bibliographic portfolio recent studies,. initial yielded 291 retrieved titles, through selection, 48 studies chosen in-depth analysis. Existing allowed evaluate ways which systems applied. highlights how applied, substrates type, plants, operational criteria emerged as primary influencing technology's performance. also growing use construction waste biochar substrates, have shown promise enhancing focus "reuse", articles it observed topic scarcely addressed, thus suggesting remains underexplored. provides state-of-the-art synthesis offering valuable insights into specific design choices impact system effectiveness. It serves worthwhile resource efficiency management.

Language: Английский

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A review of advanced solutions in constructed wetlands for sustainable wastewater management

Physics of Fluids, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 37(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Wastewater management has become crucial as the global population grows. Construction wetlands (CWs) have emerged a promising way to treat wastewater, providing natural and cost-effective alternative. This review aims present state-of-the-art of CWs for sustainable wastewater management. The major parameters affecting constructed are characterized unit parameters, operational meteorological parameters. media vegetation, hydraulic loading rate flow rate. Among this, can be controlled by operators or design engineers whereas in case uncontrollable ones. study examines initially interaction between performance CWs. Then effect are, namely, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity on Furthermore, overall challenges faced critically reviewed, suitable recommendations suggested improve discussed. concludes that maximize CW efficiency, considerations include selecting appropriate (surface flow, subsurface hybrid), determining configuration system (horizontal vertical flow), substrate material, incorporating innovative technologies such solar-powered aeration systems biochar-amended substrates. In future, integrating with other advanced treatment technologies, enhancing plant species microbial consortia, adapting climate variations, developing better monitoring modeling methods.

Language: Английский

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Phytoremediation potential and ecophysiological responses of Pistia stratiotes L. for removal of cadmium and lead from polluted water: a viable option for agricultural resilience

Environmental Sustainability, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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Numerical Simulation and Evaluation of Constructed Wetland Designs for Effluent Treatment Based on MIKE21

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 27, 2024

Constructed Wetlands for Effluent treatment (E-CW) play a vital role in the degradation of pollutants, purification water, and improvement freshwater ecosystems. However, conventional designs often lack methodical approach quantifying efficacy these wetlands. The present study utilized MIKE21 Hydrodynamic (HD) module conjunction with ECO-Lab Water Quality (AD) to perform numerical simulation Wetland Effluent. key parameters involved effective water were calibrated system's ability treat effluents from wastewater facilities was assessed. findings demonstrated significant removal efficiencies Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN), Phosphorus (TP), ammonia (NH₃-N), average rates 51.14%, 43.14%, 63.82%, 54.38%, respectively. In addition, simulations exhibited high degree accuracy, hydrodynamic predictions deviating by less than 5% quality approximations 15%. Additionally, use can provide valuable guidelines future design functional assessment wetlands offering crucial insights that aid optimization processes vegetation selection.

Language: Английский

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Numerical Simulation and Validation of Constructed Wetlands for Effluent Treatment in eastern China : An Evaluation of MIKE21 in Enhancing Water Purification Efficiency

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 2, 2024

Constructed Wetlands for Effluent treatment (E-CW) play a vital role in the degradation of pollutants, purification water, and improvement freshwater ecosystems. However, conventional designs often lack methodical approach quantifying efficacy these wetlands, as well provide feedback on their operational efficiency. In this context, use hydrodynamic water quality simulations facilitates selection arrangement vegetation within systems, thereby improving The present study utilized MIKE21 Hydrodynamic (HD) module conjunction with ECO-Lab Water Quality (AD) to perform numerical simulation Yingtai Wetland Hai'an City. Accordingly, key parameters involved effective were calibrated system's ability treat effluents from wastewater facilities was assessed. findings demonstrated significant removal efficiencies Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN), Phosphorus (TP), ammonia (NH₃-N), average rates 51.14%, 43.14%, 63.82%, 54.38%, respectively. addition, exhibited high degree accuracy, predictions deviating by less than 5% approximations 15%. treated successfully met standards set Class IV surface accordance relevant environmental regulations. Additionally, constructed wetland system satisfactorily requirements effluent purification. As observed, can valuable guidelines future design functional assessment wetlands offering crucial insights that aid optimization processes selection.

Language: Английский

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Potential of phragmites australis in vertical flow constructed wetland for heavy metals removal from urban wastewater

Separation Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 10

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have emerged as effective biotechnological solutions for wastewater treatment in recent decades. While plants are recognized components of these systems, their specific role nutrient and heavy metal (HM) uptake warrants further investigation. This study assesses the efficacy a vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) unit planted with Phragmites australis treating HM-laden wastewater. Through standard methods, samples from inlet outlet were analyzed HMs (Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu), alongside plant sediment samples. Planted CWs demonstrated remarkable removal efficiencies: 89.34% Cd, 76.27% 68.14% Cu, 66.42% surpassing unplanted systems (18.27% to 33.16% removal). Notably, P. exhibited strategic pollutant absorption, highest HM concentrations below-ground. Though above-ground accumulation was relatively minor, it exceeded soil concentrations. Analysis factors confirmed roots rhizomes primary bio-accumulators, transfer factor values (Cd > Pb Zn Cu) indicating efficient uptake. These findings underscore pivotal enhancing within VFCW emphasizing importance plant-based strategies remediation. Recommendations include exploration plant-assisted methods optimize CWs.

Language: Английский

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Performance and mechanisms of reactive substrates in constructed wetlands: Emerging contaminant removal and greenhouse gas mitigation—A comprehensive review

Journal of Water Process Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 69, P. 106653 - 106653

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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