Freshwater sponges in the southeastern U.S. harbor unique microbiomes that are influenced by host and environmental factors

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13, P. e18807 - e18807

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Marine, and more recently, freshwater sponges are known to harbor unique microbial symbiotic communities relative the surrounding water; however, our understanding of ecology diversity is vastly limited compared those marine sponges. Here we analyzed microbiomes three sponge species: Radiospongilla crateriformis , Eunapius fragilis Trochospongilla horrida across four sites in western North Carolina, U.S.A. Our results support recent work indicating that indeed a distinct microbiome composition water these varied sampling site both environmental host factors shaping this community. We also sampled at one over 3 months observed divergence community between occurs least several weeks after emerge for growing season maintain from as tissue degrades. Bacterial taxa within Gammproteobacteria, Alphproteobacteria, Bacteroidota (Flavobacteriia particular), Verrucomicrobia, were notable enriched individuals with diverging water. These add novel information on assembly maintenance an ancient metazoan few published studies symbiont communities.

Language: Английский

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A morphological cell atlas of the freshwater sponge Ephydatia muelleri with key insights from targeted single-cell transcriptomes

EvoDevo, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

How animal cell types, tissues, and regional body plans arose is a fundamental question in EvoDevo. Many current efforts attempt to link genetic information the morphology of cells, tissues regionalization using single-cell sequencing populations. However, lack in-depth understanding non-bilaterian animals remains considerable block transitions between bilaterian cells tissues. Sponges (Porifera), one earliest diverging phyla, pose particular challenge this endeavour, because their mouths, gut, conventional muscle nervous systems. With goal help bridge gap, we have studied morphology, behaviour transcriptomics tissue types an easily accessible well-studied species freshwater sponge, Ephydatia muelleri. New features described here include: polarized external epithelium, new contractile sieve that forms entry incurrent canals, motile cilia on apopyle at exit choanocyte chambers, non-motile excurrent canals oscula. Imaging vivo shows distinct behavioural characteristics mesohyl. Transcriptomic phenotypes three (cystencytes, choanocytes archaeocytes) captured live indicate cell-type transcriptomes are distinct. Importantly, individual archaeocytes show range transcriptomic which supported by expression different genes subsets type. In contrast, all five sampled revealed highly uniform with significantly fewer expressed than other types. Our study sponges whose diversity both functionally complex, but together enable like metazoans, sense respond stimuli.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome and pollutants in the freshwater sponges Ephydatia muelleri (Lieberkühn, 1856) and Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758) from the sub-Arctic Pasvik River (Northern Fennoscandia)

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 121126 - 121126

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Genome-based reclassification of the family Stappiaceae and assessment of environmental forcing with the report of two novel taxa, Flexibacterium corallicola gen. nov., sp. nov., and Nesiotobacter zosterae sp. nov., isolated from coral and seagrass

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. e0322500 - e0322500

Published: May 15, 2025

Two novel strains, MaLMAid0302 T and SPO723 , isolated from coral eelgrass, respectively, were distinguished other Stappiaceae species based on phenotypic, biochemical, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic traits. Taxonomic challenges within the family addressed using a taxogenomic approach with iterative clustering, establishing an optimal average amino acid identity (AAI) threshold (71.92–72.88%) for genus delineation. This analysis led to major taxonomic revisions, including establishment of new genera— Parapolycladidibacter Astericibacter Flexibacterium Aliiroseibium Laciiroseibium Soliroseibium Novilabrenzia Litoriroseibium Algilabrenzia —as well as reassignment several species: Hongsoonwoonella albiluteola comb. nov., stylochi gen. flavus Nesiotobacter exalbescens hamelinense aquae sediminis suaedae litorale aestuarii limicola polysiphoniae nov. Given this extensive reclassification strain (=KCCM 42324 = JCM 14066 ) was classified zosterae sp. corallicola (=KCTC 92348 35474 designated type newly established . Close phylogenetic ties Pseudovibrio known symbiosis, prompted niche-specific genetic compositions. Canonical Correspondence Analysis attributed 64% genomic variation forcing 36% environmental forcing. Functional adaptations included pectin aromatic compound degradation in sediment nitrogen reduction flatworm sulfur metabolism strains. The eelgrass exhibited dTDP-L-rhamnose synthesis, potentially aiding biofilm formation adhesion dynamic environments. These findings emphasize roles both shaping diversity highlight ecological importance marine habitat-associated niches.

Language: Английский

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Freshwater Sponges as a Neglected Reservoir of Bacterial Biodiversity

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 25 - 25

Published: Dec. 22, 2023

Freshwater sponges (Spongillida: Demospongiae), including more than 240 described species, are globally distributed in continental waters (except for Antarctica), where they cover both natural and artificial surfaces. However, fragmentary studies have targeted their microbiome, making it difficult to test hypotheses about sponge-microbe specificity metabolic relationships, along with the environmental factors playing key roles structuring associated microbial communities. To date, particular attention has been paid (family Lubomirskiidae) that endemic Lake Baikal. Few other freshwater sponge species (e.g., Ephydatia spp., Eunapius Spongilla lacustris), from lakes rivers spanning Europe South North America, microbiological studies. Representatives of phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria largely predominated, high differences were reported between microbiome marine sponges. Several bacterial strains isolated can produce bioactive compounds, mainly showing antibiotic activities, potential application biotechnology. Understanding played by microbiomes ecosystems is still its infancy yet be clarified disentangle ecological evolutionary significance these under-investigated This review was aimed at providing main available information on composition biotechnological prokaryotic communities healthy sponges, as a neglected component global stimulate researchers interested field.

Language: Английский

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Dynamics, diversity, and roles of bacterial transmission modes during the first asexual life stages of the freshwater sponge Spongilla lacustris

Environmental Microbiome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: June 8, 2024

Sponge-associated bacteria play important roles in the physiology of their host, whose recruitment processes are crucial to maintain symbiotic associations. However, acquisition bacterial communities within freshwater sponges is still under explored. Spongilla lacustris a model sponge widely distributed European rivers and lakes, producing dormant cysts (named gemmules) for asexual reproduction, before winter. Through an vitro experiment, this study aims describe dynamics transmission modes following hatching these gemmules.

Language: Английский

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Anomalies of Sponge Spicules: Exploring Links to Environmental Pollution

Water, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 332 - 332

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency spicule malformations in freshwater sponges relation selected environmental parameters streams and presence river pollutants. A total 50 sponge samples were collected from ten rivers Serbia. Selected water varied considerably at every site where found. After preparation, subjected morphological analysis by light scanning electron microscopy, number anomalies recorded (spicules with bulbous enlargements, sharply bent, bifurcated, scissor- cross-like, t-shaped). frequencies types within analyzed specimens 1 100 per 1000 spicules, an average 12 1000. main single- double-bent spicules. highest found a specimen Eunapius fragilis Markovac (Velika Morava River), lowest Ephydatia fluviatilis Kanjiža (Tisa River). sites numbers showed statistically significant differences concentrations ammonia, orthophosphates, sodium, chloride, manganese, lead. This indicates that several pollutants potentially affect occurrence anomalies.

Language: Английский

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