Metallomics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: Dec. 30, 2024
Non-enzymatic
glycation
is
the
chemical
reaction
between
amine
group
of
an
amino
acid
and
carbonyl
a
reducing
sugar.
The
final
products
this
reaction,
advanced
end-products
(AGEs),
are
known
to
play
key
role
in
aging
many
chronic
diseases.
kinetics
AGE
formation
depends
on
several
factors,
including
pH,
temperature,
presence
prooxidant
metals,
such
as
iron
copper.
In
study,
effect
copper
rate
outcome
non-enzymatic
was
examined
test
tube
food
model,
using
chromatography
spectrometry
methods.
Binding
efficiencies
chelating
agents
selected
metals
were
also
assessed.
Phytic
most
efficient
tested
agents.
phytic
French
fries
evaluated.
While
treatment
increased
amounts
UV-absorbing
compounds
fries,
ingredient
rich
showed
opposite
effect.
This
study
suggests
that
can
affect
rate,
outcome,
yield
they
do
so
differently
when
free
or
chelated.
Moreover,
despite
being
excellent
chelator,
promote
fried
potentially
via
mechanisms
other
than
metal-induced
glycation.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 5, 2025
Abstract
Endophytic
fungi
represent
a
significant
renewable
resource
for
the
discovery
of
pharmaceutically
important
compounds,
offering
substantial
potential
new
drug
development.
Their
ability
to
address
growing
issue
resistance
has
drawn
attention
from
researchers
seeking
novel,
nature-derived
lead
molecules
that
can
be
produced
on
large
scale
meet
global
demand.
Recent
advancements
in
genomics,
metabolomics,
bioinformatics,
and
improved
cultivation
techniques
have
significantly
aided
identification
characterization
fungal
endophytes
their
metabolites.
Current
estimates
suggest
there
are
approximately
1.20
million
globally,
yet
only
around
16%
(190,000)
been
identified
studied
detail.
This
underscores
vast
untapped
pharmaceutical
research.
Research
increasingly
focused
transformation
bioactive
compounds
by
through
chemical
enzymatic
processes.
A
notable
example
is
anthraquinone
derivative
6-O-methylalaternin,
whose
cytotoxic
enhanced
addition
hydroxyl
group,
sharing
structural
similarities
with
its
parent
compound
macrosporin.
These
structure-bioactivity
studies
open
up
avenues
developing
safer
more
effective
therapeutic
agents
synthesizing
targeted
derivatives.
Despite
immense
promise,
challenges
remain,
particularly
large-scale
understanding
complexities
biosynthetic
pathways.
Additionally,
genetic
manipulation
optimized
metabolite
production
still
infancy.
Future
research
should
aim
overcome
these
limitations
focusing
efficient
methods
deeper
exploration
endophytes’
metabolic
capabilities
fully
harness
potential.
Graphical
Catalysts,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(4), P. 357 - 357
Published: April 6, 2025
The
catalytic
esterification
of
levulinic
acid
(LA)
to
methyl
levulinate
(ML)
was
investigated
using
copper
molybdate
(Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2)
as
a
heterogeneous
catalyst.
catalyst,
synthesized
via
chemical
precipitation,
exhibited
monoclinic
structure
with
self-assembled
nanoplates
forming
spherical
mesostructures.
Structural
characterization
confirmed
its
high
crystallinity,
while
textural
analysis
revealed
BET
surface
area
70.55
m2
g−1
pore
sizes
in
the
nanometric
range
(1–6
nm).
performance
systematically
evaluated
under
varying
reaction
conditions,
including
temperature,
catalyst
dosage,
time,
methanol-to-LA
molar
ratio,
alcohol
type,
and
reusability.
Optimal
conversion
99.3%
achieved
at
100
°C,
1:20
5%
loading,
time
4
h.
Comparative
other
catalysts
demonstrated
superior
efficiency
stability
Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2,
minimal
activity
loss
over
four
reuse
cycles
(final
77.1%).
Mechanistic
insights
suggest
that
is
attributed
Lewis
Brønsted
sites,
facilitating
efficient
esterification.
This
study
underscores
potential
sustainable
recyclable
for
biofuel
additive
synthesis,
advancing
green
chemistry
strategies
biomass
valorization.
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(9), P. 1903 - 1903
Published: Sept. 18, 2024
Emerging
and
reemerging
fungal
infections
are
very
common
in
nosocomial
non-nosocomial
settings
people
having
poor
immunogenic
profiles
either
due
to
hematopoietic
stem
cell
transplants
or
using
immunomodulators
treat
chronic
inflammatory
disease
autoimmune
disorders,
undergoing
cancer
therapy
suffering
from
an
immune
weakening
like
HIV.
The
refractory
behavior
of
opportunistic
fungi
has
necessitated
the
discovery
unconventional
antifungals.
emergence
black
fungus
infection
during
COVID-19
also
triggered
antifungal
program.
Natural
products
one
alternative
sources
Endophytic
reside
co-evolve
within
their
host
plants
and,
therefore,
offer
a
unique
bioresource
novel
chemical
scaffolds
with
array
bioactivities.
Hence,
immense
possibilities
exist
that
these
expressed
by
endophytic
may
play
crucial
role
overcoming
burgeoning
antimicrobial
resistance.
These
so
comprise
classes
beginning
cyclic
peptides,
sesquiterpenoids,
phenols,
anthraquinones,
coumarins,
etc.
In
this
study,
reported
last
six
years
(2018-2023)
have
been
explored
document
entities
they
produce.
Approximately
244
metabolites
documented
period
different
groups
existing
as
endophytes.
Various
aspects
metabolites,
such
potential
structures,
presented.
Yet
another
aspect
review
is
exploration
volatile
compounds
produced
fungi.
Further
strategies
epigenetic
modifications
well
biological
methods
OSMAC
induce
silent
gene
clusters
presented
generate
unprecedented
bioactive
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(3), P. 692 - 692
Published: March 19, 2025
Fungal
endophytes
of
medicinal
plants
produce
diverse
secondary
metabolites
and
extracellular
enzymes
with
therapeutic
biotechnological
potential.
However,
the
biological
potential
fungal
from
South
African
remain
relatively
underexplored.
In
this
study,
antimicrobial,
antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory
enzymatic
capabilities
five
previously
isolated
leaves
Kirkia
acuminata
Oliv.
were
investigated.
Sequencing
internal
transcribed
spacer
(ITS)
regions
revealed
that
isolates
belonged
to
genera
Setosphaeria,
Diaporthe
Corynespora.
The
broth
micro-dilution
assay
Folin–Ciocalteau
reagent
method
used
assess
antibacterial
activity
total
phenolic
content
(TPC)
endophytes’
ethyl
acetate
crude
extracts
(CEs),
respectively.
antioxidant
was
assessed
using
ferric
reducing
power
(FRAP)
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH)
free
radical
scavenging
assays.
influence
CE
Setosphaeria
rostrata
KaL-4
on
viability
LPS-induced
interleukin-6
(IL-6)
production
in
Raw
264.7
macrophages
a
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide
(MTT)
an
ELISA,
ability
proteases,
laccases
peroxidases
also
determined.
CEs
displayed
antimicrobial
MICs
ranging
0.63
1.25
mg/mL
40%
18%
60%
48%,
S.
possessed
highest
TPC
demonstrated
dose-dependent
cytotoxicity.
further
significant
reduction
IL-6
at
concentration
0.75
µg/mL.
Only
one
isolate
proteases
index
(EI)
0.66,
while
(EI
range
0.14
1.15)
produced
by
all
isolates.
These
findings
suggest
are
promising
sources
bioactive
compounds
industry-significant
enzymes.
Pharmaceuticals,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
18(4), P. 462 - 462
Published: March 25, 2025
Background/Objectives:
The
phytochemical
composition,
antioxidant,
and
antibacterial
properties
of
Vitex
agnus-castus
L.
essential
oil
(VACEO),
extracted
from
fruit
harvested
in
the
Middle
Atlas
region
Morocco,
were
investigated.
Methods/Results:
A
full
chemical
analysis
VACEO
was
performed
to
identify
principal
components
using
GC–MS,
demonstrating
that
caryophyllene
(13.87%),
1-(4-Isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl
acetate
(12.20%),
τ-Cadinol
(5.41%)
most
important
constituents
this
oil.
In
addition,
antioxidant
activity
evaluated
DPPH,
FRAP,
TAC,
beta-carotene
bleach
tests;
demonstrated
an
IC50
0.93
±
0.03
mg/mL
(DPPH),
EC50
0.146
0.004
(FRAP),
a
total
capacity
0.794
0.02
mg
BHT
equivalent/g
EO,
with
relative
at
72.69
0.3%.
Antibacterial
assays
revealed
inhibition
diameters
ranging
13.25
1.00
mm
21.11
0.25
mm,
minimum
inhibitory
concentrations
(MICs)
0.02–0.04
against
Escherichia
coli,
Staphylococcus
aureus,
Bacillus
subtilis,
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa.
Moreover,
ADMET
suggested
potential
for
drug
development,
specific
insights
into
pharmacokinetics,
safety,
molecular
docking,
clarifying
its
interactions
key
bacterial
proteins.
Conclusions:
These
results
confirm
promising
therapeutic
pharmaceutical
through
bioactive
compounds.