A chromosome-level genome of the spider Trichonephila antipodiana reveals the genetic basis of its polyphagy and evidence of an ancient whole-genome duplication event

GigaScience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(3)

Published: March 1, 2021

Abstract Background The spider Trichonephila antipodiana (Araneidae), commonly known as the batik golden web spider, preys on arthropods with body sizes ranging from ∼2 mm in length to insects larger than itself (>20‒50 mm), indicating its polyphagy and strong dietary detoxification abilities. Although it has been reported that an ancient whole-genome duplication event occurred spiders, lack of a high-quality genome limited characterization this event. Results We present chromosome-level T. constructed basis PacBio Hi-C sequencing. assembled is 2.29 Gb size scaffold N50 172.89 Mb. scaffolding assigned 98.5% bases 13 pseudo-chromosomes, BUSCO completeness analysis revealed assembly included 94.8% complete arthropod universal single-copy orthologs (n = 1,066). Repetitive elements account for 59.21% genome. predicted 19,001 protein-coding genes, which 96.78% were supported by transcriptome-based evidence 96.32% matched protein records UniProt database. also shows substantial expansions several detoxification-associated gene families, including cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases, carboxyl/cholinesterases, glutathione-S-transferases, ATP-binding cassette transporters, reflecting possible genomic polyphagy. Further architecture reveals event, based 2 lines evidence: (i) large-scale duplications inter-chromosome synteny (ii) duplicated clusters Hox genes. Conclusions represents valuable resource research provides insights into species’ adaptation environment.

Language: Английский

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Invasiveness, biology, ecology, and management of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

Entomologia Generalis, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 43(2), P. 187 - 241

Published: Oct. 26, 2022

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Biology, invasion and management of the agricultural invader: Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 646 - 663

Published: Feb. 16, 2021

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is native to the Americas. It has rapidly invaded 47 African countries and 18 Asian since first detection of invasion into Nigeria Ghana in 2016. regarded as a super pest based on its host range (at least 353 plants), inherent ability survive wide habitats, strong migration ability, high fecundity, rapid development resistance insecticides/viruses gluttonous characteristics. inherently superior biological characteristics FAW contribute invasiveness. Integrated management (IPM) relied multiple applications monitoring scouting, agricultural control, chemical pesticides, viral insecticides, sex attractants, bio-control agents (parasitoids, predators entomopathogens) botanicals. Knowledge gaps remain be filled to: (1) understand invasive mechanisms S. frugiperda; (2) how prevent further spread (3) provide better strategies. This review summarizes characters FAW, their association with invasiveness IPM strategies, which may insights for future management.

Language: Английский

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Spodoptera frugiperda: Ecology, Evolution, and Management Options of an Invasive Species

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 68(1), P. 299 - 317

Published: Oct. 6, 2022

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is a well-known agricultural pest in its native range, North and South America, has become major invasive around the globe past decade. In this review, we provide an overview to update what known about S. geographic ranges. This followed by discussion of studies from invaded areas gain insights into frugiperda's ecology, specifically reproductive biology, host plant use, status insecticide resistance alleles, biocontrol methods regions. We show that reference strains uninformative populations because multidirectional introduction events likely underpinned recent rapid spread. Given genomic analyses FAW much more diverse than was previously assumed, natural selection forces differ geographically, region-specific approaches will be needed control global pest.

Language: Английский

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Flavonoids as Insecticides in Crop Protection—A Review of Current Research and Future Prospects

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 776 - 776

Published: March 8, 2024

Pesticide overuse in agricultural systems has resulted the development of pest resistance, impoverishment soil microbiota, water pollution, and several human health issues. Nonetheless, farmers still depend heavily on these agrochemicals for economically viable production, given high frequency at which crops are affected by pests. Phytopathogenic insects considered most destructive pests crops. Botanical pesticides have gained attention as potential biopesticides complements to traditional pesticides, owing their biodegradability low toxicity. Plant-based extracts abundant a wide variety bioactive compounds, such flavonoids, class polyphenols that been extensively studied this purpose because involvement plant defense responses. The present review offers comprehensive current research flavonoids insecticides crop protection, addressing modes possible mechanisms action underlying bioactivity. structure–activity relationship is also discussed. It addresses challenges associated with application disease management suggests alternatives overcome

Language: Английский

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Global population genomic signature of Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) supports complex introduction events across the Old World

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: April 7, 2022

Native to the Americas, invasive Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm; FAW) was reported in West Africa 2016, followed by its chronological detection across Old World and hypothesis of an eastward Asia expansion. We explored population genomic signatures American FAW identified 12 maternal mitochondrial DNA genome lineages range. 870 high-quality nuclear single nucleotide polymorphic markers five distinct New clusters, broadly reflecting native geographical ranges absence host-plant preferences. unique admixed populations, non-admixed Asian individuals, all which suggested multiple introductions underpinning pest's global spread. Directional gene flow from East into eastern also detected, contrast west-to-east spread hypothesis. Our study demonstrated potential approaches via international partnership address emerging pest threats biosecurity challenges.

Language: Английский

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Insecticide resistance in Australian Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) and development of testing procedures for resistance surveillance

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. e0263677 - e0263677

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a highly invasive noctuid pest first reported in northern Australia during early 2020. To document current status of resistance S. Australia, insecticide toxicity was tested field populations collected the year establishment, between March 2020 and 2021. Dose-response measured by larval bioassay 11 susceptible laboratory strain Helicoverpa armigera. Emamectin benzoate most efficacious (LC50 0.023μg/ml) followed chlorantraniliprole 0.055μg/ml), spinetoram 0.098μg/ml), spinosad 0.526μg/ml), methoxyfenozide (1.413μg/ml). Indoxacarb least toxic selective on 3.789μg/ml). benzoate, were 2- to 7-fold less compared with H. armigera while spinosyns equally both species. 28-fold There decreased sensitivity Group 1 insecticides synthetic pyrethroids armigera: reduced up 11-fold for methomyl, 56 199-fold cyhalothrin, 44 132-fold alpha cypermethrin. Synergism bioassays metabolic inhibitors suggest involvement mixed function oxidase pyrethroid resistance. Recommended diagnostic doses emamectin chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, spinosad, indoxacarb are 0.19, 1.0, 0.75, 6, 12 48μg/μl, respectively.

Language: Английский

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Complex multiple introductions drive fall armyworm invasions into Asia and Australia

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is thought to have undergone a rapid 'west-to-east' spread since 2016 when it was first identified in western Africa. Between 2018 and 2020, recorded from South Asia (SA), Southeast (SEA), East (EA), Pacific/Australia (PA). Population genomic analyses enabled the understanding of pathways, population sources, gene flow this notorious agricultural pest species. Using neutral single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) DNA markers, we detected genome introgression that suggested most populations study were overwhelmingly C- R-strain hybrids (n = 252/262). SNP mitochondrial markers multiple introductions parsimoniously explained by anthropogenic-assisted spread, i.e., associated with international trade live/fresh plants plant products, involved 'bridgehead populations' countries enable successful establishment neighbouring countries. Distinct signatures between Myanmar China do not support 'African origin spread' nor 'Myanmar source China' hypotheses. Significant genetic differentiation different Australian states supported pathways involving distinct SEA populations. Our as biosecurity hotspot FAW melting pot, demonstrated use analysis disentangle preventable human-assisted unpreventable natural spread.

Language: Английский

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Resistance monitoring and mechanism in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for chlorantraniliprole from Sichuan Province, China

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 5, 2023

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), is a wide-reaching notorious insect pest of important cereal crops, which has developed resistance to multiple classes insecticides. It invaded the Sichuan Province China in 2019. In this study, we performed monitoring insecticides for 11 field-collected populations from Sichuan, and all were susceptible emamectin benzoate chlorpyrifos. variations level indoxacarb (resistance ratio (RR), 9.23-45.53-fold), spinetoram (RR, 4.32-18.05-fold), chlorantraniliprole 2.02-10.39-fold) observed among these populations. To investigate mechanism chlorantraniliprole, synergism tests showed that piperonyl butoxide had slight synergistic effect on QJ-20 population (1.43-fold) moderate 10.39-fold) compared with treatment group without synergist. Furthermore, expression scanning resistance-related genes five P450 (CYP6AE43, CYP321A8, CYP305A1, CYP49A1, CYP306A1) ryanodine receptor gene (Ryr, target) overexpressed population. These results indicated armyworm exhibited diverse susceptibilities several insecticides, overexpression Ryr may contribute development S. chlorantraniliprole.

Language: Английский

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Transcriptional regulation and overexpression of GST cluster enhances pesticide resistance in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

The rapid evolution of resistance in agricultural pest poses a serious threat to global food security. However, the mechanisms through metabolic regulation are largely unknown. Here, we found that GST gene cluster was strongly selected North China (NTC) population, and it significantly genetically-linked lambda-cyhalothrin resistance. Knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 increased sensitivity knockout strain lambda-cyhalothrin. Haplotype analysis revealed no non-synonymous mutations or structural variations cluster, whereas GST_119 GST_121 were overexpressed NTC population. Silencing co-silencing with RNAi larval We also identified additional GATAe transcription factor binding sites promoter NTC_GST_119. Transient expression Hi5 cells activated NTC_GST_119 Xinjiang (XJ)_GST_119 transcription, but transcriptional activity higher than XJ_GST_119. These results demonstrate regulatory region result complex changes which enhances field-populations. This study deepens our knowledge evolutionary mechanism adaptation under environmental stress provides potential targets for monitoring integrated management.

Language: Английский

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