An ecological future for weed science to sustain crop production and the environment. A review

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 40(4)

Published: July 8, 2020

Abstract Sustainable strategies for managing weeds are critical to meeting agriculture’s potential feed the world’s population while conserving ecosystems and biodiversity on which we depend. The dominant paradigm of weed management in developed countries is currently founded two principal tools herbicides tillage remove weeds. However, evidence negative environmental impacts from both growing, herbicide resistance increasingly prevalent. These challenges emerge a lack attention how interact with regulated by agroecosystem as whole. Novel technological proposed control, such new herbicides, gene editing, seed destructors, do not address these systemic thus unlikely provide truly sustainable solutions. Combining multiple techniques an Integrated Weed Management strategy step forward, but many integrated still remain overly reliant too few tools. In contrast, advances ecology revealing wealth options manage at level that, rather than aiming eradicate weeds, act regulate populations limit their diversity. Here, review current state knowledge identify this can be translated into practical management. major points following: (1) diversity type crops, actions limiting resources manipulated competitiveness promoting diversity; (2) contrast tools, ecological approaches tend synergistic other functions; (3) there existing practices compatible approach that could systems, alongside explore. Overall, demonstrates integrating systems-level thinking agronomic decision-making offers best route achieving

Language: Английский

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Social-Ecological Systems Insights for Navigating the Dynamics of the Anthropocene

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 267 - 289

Published: July 25, 2018

Social-ecological systems (SES) research offers new theory and evidence to transform sustainable development better contend with the challenges of Anthropocene. Four insights from contemporary SES literature on ( a) intertwined SES, b) cross-scale dynamics, c) systemic tipping points, d) transformational change are explored. Based these insights, shifts in practice suggested recognize govern complex codeveloping social ecological aspects challenges. The potential susceptibility nonlinear reconfigurations is highlighted, as well opportunities, agency, capacities required foster reconfigurative transformations for development. proposes need diverse values beliefs that more tune deep, dynamic connections between support deal shocks surprises. From perspectives, outlooks, practices, novel opportunity spaces which address

Language: Английский

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Food Security, Safety, and Sustainability—Getting the Trade-Offs Right

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Feb. 21, 2020

The United Nations sustainable development goals include eradication of hunger. To feed 10 billion persons 2050, we need to get the trade-offs right between sustainability, food security, safety and make better use already produced. hierarchy strategies for reducing losses waste are in descending order source reduction, reusing or reprocessing surplus foods, recycle as animals, recover energy biofuels, nutrients compost, raw materials industry, while last resorts one may consider recovering by incineration dumping garbage landfills. This paper will explore inherent when aiming at triple security looking these resource footprints. Intensification production circular systems could be parts solutions future security. In this regard our informed experiences from antimicrobials intensify outbreak bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) terms production? There is no trade-off intensification aided public health risks antimicrobial resistance due zoo-technical antimicrobials. A requires control resistance. If avoids that cycles become pathogens and/or hazards, a major contribution Source reduction i.e., limiting appears strategy most promising achieving sustainability. By using artificial intelligence intelligent packaging progress possible, with added benefit fraud. changed diet - eating more plant-based foods not animal protein produced edible feedstuffs, lost wasted should enable us least an additional persons. Solutions sustainability integrate considerations start.

Language: Английский

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Conventional land‐use intensification reduces species richness and increases production: A global meta‐analysis

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 1941 - 1956

Published: April 9, 2019

Most current research on land-use intensification addresses its potential to either threaten biodiversity or boost agricultural production. However, little is known about the simultaneous effects of and yield. To determine responses species richness yield conventional intensification, we conducted a global meta-analysis synthesizing 115 studies which collected data for both variables at same locations. We extracted 449 cases that cover variety areas used (crops, fodder) silvicultural (wood) found that, across all production systems groups, successful in increasing (grand mean + 20.3%), but it also results loss (-8.9%). analysis sub-groups revealed inconsistent results. For example, small steps within low intensity did not affect richness. Within high-intensity losses were non-significant gains substantial (+15.2%). Conventional medium highest increase (+84.9%) showed largest (-22.9%). Production differed their magnitude response, with insignificant changes crop (-21.2%). In addition, this identifies lack collect robust (i.e. beyond richness) sites provide quantitative information intensity. Our findings suggest many cases, drives trade-off between often significantly different from zero, suggesting even can result increases without coming expense loss. These should guide future close existing gaps understand circumstances required achieve such win-win win-no-harm situations agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Climate-smart agriculture: perspectives and framings

Climate Policy, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 526 - 541

Published: May 3, 2017

This paper offers a systematic analysis of the concepts and contexts that frame climate-smart agriculture (CSA) discourse in academic policy literature. Documents (n = 113) related to CSA published peer-reviewed journals, books, working papers, scientific reports from 2004 2016 were reviewed. Three key trends emerged analysis: studies are biased towards global agendas; research focuses on technical issues; integration mitigation, adaptation, food security (the three pillars CSA) is becoming popular scholarly solution. Findings suggest fairly new concept used describe range adaptation mitigation practices without specific set criteria. Although often framed around pillars, underlying issues constructing differ at global, developing, developed country scales. there increasing developing countries, particularly relation how can transform smallholder agriculture, paucity documenting experiences countries. The findings needs move beyond solely focussing approaches only certain geographical contexts. If be applicable for farmers across globe, then cross-disciplinary underpinned by broad socio-economic political essential understand differences narratives might affect implementation on-the-ground both countries.POLICY RELEVANCEAlthough makers increasingly supportive approach, rhetoric has largely been basis arguments. implications varying perspectives have resulted growing divide between countries solutions impacts climate change under 2015 Paris Agreement. Different framings part explanation why scope being rethought, with community redirecting attention seeking separate work programme United Nations Framework Convention Climate Change (UNFCCC). current framing will give no direction unless it grounds itself farmer civil society

Language: Английский

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