Complexity revealed in the greening of the Arctic

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 106 - 117

Published: Jan. 31, 2020

Language: Английский

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Arctic tundra shrubification: a review of mechanisms and impacts on ecosystem carbon balance

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 053001 - 053001

Published: April 23, 2021

Abstract Vegetation composition shifts, and in particular, shrub expansion across the Arctic tundra are some of most important widely observed responses high-latitude ecosystems to rapid climate warming. These changes vegetation potentially alter ecosystem carbon balances by affecting a complex set soil–plant–atmosphere interactions. In this review, we synthesize literature on (a) expansion, (b) key climatic environmental controls mechanisms that affect (c) impacts balance, (d) research gaps future directions improve process representations land models. A broad range evidence, including in-situ observations, warming experiments, remotely sensed indices have shown increases growth abundance woody plants, particularly tall deciduous shrubs, advancing shrublines circumpolar Arctic. This recent is affected several interacting factors warming, accelerated nutrient cycling, changing disturbance regimes, local variation topography hydrology. Under warmer conditions, shrubs can be more competitive than other plant functional types because their taller maximum canopy heights often dense structure. Competitive abilities vs herbaceous plants also controlled traits investments retention strategies leaves, stems, roots. Overall, may enhancing uptake altering respiration, through feedback snowpack dynamics, permafrost degradation, surface energy litter inputs. Observed projected subsequent effects feedbacks system. Land models, those integrated Earth System Models, need account for differences control interactions accurately predict decadal- centennial-scale dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Tundra vegetation change and impacts on permafrost

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 68 - 84

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Language: Английский

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Woody plant encroachment intensifies under climate change across tundra and savanna biomes

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(5), P. 925 - 943

Published: Feb. 19, 2020

Abstract Aim Biomes worldwide are shifting with global change. whose extents limited by temperature or precipitation, such as the tundra and savanna, may be particularly strongly affected climate While woody plant encroachment is prevalent across both biomes, its relationship to precipitation change remains unknown. Here, we quantify degree which related identify main associated drivers. Location Tundra savanna biomes. Time period 1992 ± 20.27–2010 5.62 (mean SD ). 1876–2016 (range). Major taxa studied Woody plants (shrubs trees). Methods We compiled a dataset comprising 1,089 records from 899 sites of cover over time attributed drivers these two calculated in each biome assessed corresponds concurrent changes using multiple metrics. Finally, conducted quantitative literature review relative importance Results was widespread geographically gradients. Rates (positive negative) were 1.8 times lower than (1.8 vs. 3.2%), while rates increase (i.e., encroachment) c. 1.7 compared (3.7 6.3% per decade). In tundra, magnitudes did not correspond climate, greater corresponded increases precipitation. found higher wetter versus drier warming biome, increasing savanna. However, faster more rapid sites, except for maximum Main conclusions positively increased rainfall predicted change, can partially explained interactions Additional likely influences include site‐level factors, time‐lags, plant‐specific responses, land use other non‐climate Our findings highlight complex nature impacts biomes seasonality, should accounted realistically estimate future responses open under scenarios.

Language: Английский

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Warming reshaped the microbial hierarchical interactions

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(24), P. 6331 - 6347

Published: Sept. 20, 2021

Abstract Global warming may alter microbially mediated ecosystem functions through reshaping of microbial diversity and modified interactions. Here, we examined the effects 5‐year experimental on different hierarchical groups in a coastal nontidal soil ecosystem, including prokaryotes (i.e., bacteria archaea), fungi, Cercozoa, which is widespread phylum protists. Warming significantly altered structure prokaryotic fungal communities additionally decreased complexity network fragmented cercozoan network. By using Inter‐Domain Ecological Network approach, cross‐trophic interactions among prokaryotes, Cercozoa were further investigated. Under warming, cercozoan–prokaryotic fungal–prokaryotic bipartite networks simplified, whereas cercozoan–fungal became slightly more complex. Despite simplification network, strengthened synergistic between saprotrophic fungi certain groups, such as Bacteroidetes, retained these phyla within under warming. In addition, community quite stable conditions, stabilized or Additionally, found affected by environmental stress salinity pH) nutrients. Interestingly, relevant could respond to properties ambient two tended similar properties, suggesting hub species responded changes related then transferred this response their partners trophic Finally, modules’ negative association with organic matters some species, might trigger carbon loss ecosystem. Our study provides new insights into feedback scenario.

Language: Английский

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Looking back on biodiversity change: lessons for the road ahead

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1881)

Published: May 29, 2023

Estimating biodiversity change across the planet in context of widespread human modification is a critical challenge. Here, we review how has changed recent decades scales and taxonomic groups, focusing on four diversity metrics: species richness, temporal turnover, spatial beta-diversity abundance. At local scales, all metrics includes many examples both increases declines tends to be centred around zero, but with higher prevalence declining trends (increasing similarity composition space or biotic homogenization) The exception this pattern changes through time observed most assemblages. Less known about at regional although several studies suggest that richness are more prevalent than declines. Change global scale hardest estimate accurately, extinction rates probably outpacing speciation rates, elevated. Recognizing variability essential accurately portray unfolding, highlights much remains unknown magnitude direction multiple different scales. Reducing these blind spots allow appropriate management actions deployed. This article part theme issue ‘Detecting attributing causes change: needs, gaps solutions’.

Language: Английский

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Plant height as an indicator for alpine carbon sequestration and ecosystem response to warming

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 890 - 900

Published: May 16, 2024

Abstract Growing evidence indicates that plant community structure and traits have changed under climate warming, especially in cold or high-elevation regions. However, the impact of these warming-induced changes on ecosystem carbon sequestration remains unclear. Using a warming experiment Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, we found not only increased species height but also altered composition, collectively resulting taller associated with net productivity (NEP). Along 1,500 km transect promoted NEP soil through chlorophyll content other photosynthetic at level. Overall, as dominant trait is composition regulates C biome. This trait-based association provides new insights into predicting direction, magnitude sensitivity fluxes response to warming.

Language: Английский

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Experimental warming differentially affects vegetative and reproductive phenology of tundra plants

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 11, 2021

Abstract Rapid climate warming is altering Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystem structure function, including shifts in plant phenology. While the advancement of green up flowering are well-documented, it remains unclear whether all phenophases, particularly those later season, will shift unison or respond divergently to warming. Here, we present largest synthesis our knowledge experimental effects on phenology from International Tundra Experiment. We examine effect a suite season-wide phenophases. Results challenge expectation that phenophases advance Instead, find caused: (1) larger phenological reproductive versus vegetative (2) advanced but delayed leaf senescence which translated lengthening growing season by approximately 3%. Patterns were consistent across sites, species over time. The seasons may have significant consequences for trophic interactions function tundra.

Language: Английский

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Documenting lemming population change in the Arctic: Can we detect trends?

AMBIO, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 49(3), P. 786 - 800

Published: July 22, 2019

Language: Английский

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Assessing the effects of earlier snow melt-out on alpine shrub growth: The sooner the better?

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 115, P. 106455 - 106455

Published: April 30, 2020

Language: Английский

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