Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 156 - 184
Published: Dec. 6, 2024
Non-invasive
brain
stimulation
(NIBS)
encompasses
a
variety
of
techniques
that
modulate
activity
transcranially,
including
transcranial
current
(tCS),
magnetic
(TMS),
seizure
therapy
(MST),
vagus
nerve
(VNS),
and
ultrasound
(TUS).
These
modalities
are
now
extensively
studied
for
their
applications
in
various
neuropsychiatric
conditions,
notably
schizophrenia.
In
general,
NIBS
serves
dual
roles
As
probe,
it
offers
insights
into
cortical
reactivity,
connectivity,
oscillations,
elucidating
the
disorder’s
pathophysiology.
treatment,
has
shown
promise
alleviating
positive
symptoms
(e.g.
auditory
hallucinations),
negative
symptoms,
cognitive
deficits.
While
clinical
outcomes
vary,
ongoing
research
aims
to
optimize
parameters
identify
patient-specific
predictors
response.
The
integration
therapeutic
strategies
schizophrenia
is
cautiously
optimistic,
highlighting
its
potential
as
transformative
approach
treatment.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
18
Published: Jan. 14, 2025
Over
the
last
four
decades,
non-invasive
brain
stimulation
techniques
(NIBS)
have
significantly
gained
interest
in
fields
of
cognitive
sciences
and
dementia
care,
including
neurorehabilitation,
for
its
emerging
potential
increasing
insights
over
functions
boosting
residual
functions.
In
present
paper,
basic
physiological
technical
mechanisms
different
applications
NIBS
were
reviewed
discussed
to
highlight
importance
multidisciplinary
translational
approaches
clinical
research
settings
neurodegenerative
diseases,
especially
Alzheimer's
disease.
Indeed,
strategies
may
represent
a
promising
opportunity
increase
neuromodulation
as
efficacious
interventions
individualized
patients
care.
Molecular Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 27, 2025
The
amygdala
has
increasingly
been
proposed
as
a
therapeutic
target
for
patients
with
post-traumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD).
However,
the
distinct
contributions
of
left
and
right
to
various
aspects
fear
processing
remain
inadequately
understood.
Here,
we
critically
re-evaluate
key
findings
from
human
functional
neuroimaging
lesion
studies
on
conditioning
extinction.
We
propose
that
while
both
amygdalae
likely
make
critical
processing,
is
more
associated
sensory-mediated
expression,
cognitive-mediated
acquisition
With
accumulating
evidence
studies,
suggest
differentially
targeting
versus
ablative
or
neuromodulatory
therapies
can
be
crucial
optimizing
PTSD
treatment.
Brain and Neuroscience Advances,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: March 1, 2025
Mental
disorders
pose
a
significant
global
burden
and
constitute
major
cause
of
disability
worldwide.
Despite
strides
in
treatment,
substantial
number
patients
do
not
respond
adequately,
underscoring
the
urgency
for
innovative
approaches.
Traditional
non-invasive
brain
stimulation
techniques
show
promise,
yet
grapple
with
challenges
regarding
efficacy
specificity.
Variations
mechanistic
understanding
reliability
among
methods
are
common,
limited
spatial
precision
physical
constraints
hindering
ability
to
target
subcortical
areas
often
implicated
disease
aetiology.
Novel
such
as
transcranial
ultrasonic
temporal
interference
have
gained
notable
momentum
recent
years,
possibly
addressing
these
shortcomings.
Transcranial
(TUS)
offers
exceptional
deeper
penetration
compared
conventional
electrical
magnetic
techniques.
Studies
targeting
diverse
array
regions
shown
its
potential
affect
neuronal
excitability,
functional
connectivity
symptoms
psychiatric
depressive
disorder.
Nevertheless,
planning
acoustic
interactions
skull
must
be
tackled
widespread
adoption
research
potentially
clinical
settings.
Similar
stimulation,
(TI)
traditional
albeit
requiring
comparatively
higher
current
equivalent
neural
effects.
Promising
still
sparse
highlights
TI’s
selectively
modulate
activity,
showing
utility
psychiatry.
Overall,
like
only
open
new
avenues
but
also
hold
effective
treatments
However,
realising
their
full
necessitates
practical
optimising
application
effectively.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: April 2, 2025
Low-intensity
focused
ultrasound
(LIFU)
neuromodulation
requires
precise
targeting
and
high
resolution
enabled
by
phased
array
transducers
beamforming.
However,
focusing
optimization
usually
relies
on
phantom
measurements
or
simulations
with
inaccurate
acoustic
properties
to
degrade
resolution.
Therefore,
this
work
analyzes
the
sensitivity
of
resolution,
measured
off-target
activation
area
(OTAA),
brain
tissue
sound
speed.
A
Robust
Optimal
Resolution
(ROR)
beamforming
method
is
proposed
minimize
worst-case
OTAA
restricted
speed
inaccuracy
propagation
information
estimated
deviated
The
estimation
model
utilizes
equivalent
source
(ESM)
map
field
between
different
parameter
sets.
Simulation
in
a
human
head
validates
effectiveness
model,
shows
that
ROR
can
significantly
reduce
compared
benchmark
methods
[Formula:
see
text]
average
up
text],
improving
robustness
stimulation
addressing
issue.
This
allows
reliable
high-resolution
potential
clinical
applications
reduced
invasive
acquisition
for
optimization.
npj Parkinson s Disease,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: April 5, 2025
Despite
its
potential
to
modulate
brain
and
network
activity,
non-invasive
stimulation
is
not
yet
clinically
applied
for
treating
Parkinson's
disease.
We
here
review
recent
findings
that
illustrate
how
various
techniques
can
modify
pathological
compensatory
activities.
Due
unavoidable
heterogeneities
low
effect
sizes
of
the
reviewed
studies,
a
deeper
understanding
mechanisms
action
will
be
critical
refining
clinical
effectiveness
generating
consistent
results.
Journal of Alzheimer s Disease,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 23, 2025
Background
Low-intensity
focused
ultrasound
(LIFU),
a
non-invasive
targeted
brain
stimulation
technology,
has
shown
promise
for
therapeutic
applications
in
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
patients.
Despite
its
potential,
the
implications
of
repeated
LIFU
neuromodulation
AD
patients
remain
to
be
investigated.
Objective
This
pilot
study
evaluated
safety
and
potential
improve
cognition
functional
connectivity
following
treatment
Methods
Ten
early-stage
underwent
six
sessions
neuronavigation-guided
targeting
left
dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortex
(DLPFC)
within
2–3
weeks,
alongside
ongoing
standard
pharmacotherapy.
Neuropsychological
assessments
resting-state
magnetic
resonance
imaging
were
performed
at
baseline
eight
weeks
post-treatment.
Results
Memory
performance
(p
=
0.02)
between
DLPFC
both
perirhinal
dorsomedial
(corrected
p
<
0.05)
significantly
improved
from
baseline.
Additionally,
enhancements
memory
positively
correlated
with
increases
(Kendall's
tau
0.56,
0.03).
No
adverse
events
reported
during
treatments
or
subsequent
follow-up.
Conclusions
may
have
enhance
network
functions
Our
results
provide
basis
further
research,
including
randomized
sham-controlled
trials
optimization
protocols,
on
as
supplementary
alternative
option
AD.
Trial
registration
Clinical
Research
Information
Service,
KCT0008169,
Registered
10
February
2023
