Abstract
Continuous
land
disturbance
could
negatively
impact
microbial
community,
but
perennial
crops
can
potentially
reverse
this
negativity.
The
objective
of
study
was
to
evaluate
the
effects
Kernza
(
Thinopyrum
intermedium
)
and
alfalfa
Medicago
sativa
L.)
on
soil
structure
stress
condition
using
phospholipid
fatty
acid
profiling.
conducted
at
Ross
Jones
Research
Farm,
University
Missouri
consisted
four
treatments:
fertilized,
unfertilized,
intercrop,
monocrop
with
replications.
Treatments
were
established
in
September
2021
18.3
m
×
plots.
Soils
from
0‐
5‐cm
5‐
15‐cm
depths
sampled
(before
treatments
placed)
2022
analyzed
for
communities.
All
communities
increased
after
1
year
crops.
Since
differences
not
significant
among
2022,
may
lead
positive
impacts
communities,
irrespective
crop
species
management.
Moreover,
community
modifications
also
observed
crops,
management,
as
evidenced
changes
bacterial
indices
2022.
While
fungi/bacteria
ratio
increased,
Gram‐positive/Gram‐negative
bacteria
decreased
suggesting
a
reduction
stress,
which
be
attributed
ecological
functions
showed
improvements
biomass
alfalfa.
As
system
matures,
relative
benefits
management
(fertilization
intercropping)
plant
realized.
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
365, P. 108925 - 108925
Published: Feb. 9, 2024
Enhancing
biomass
yield
simultaneously
with
soil
carbon
(C)
sequestration
is
a
key
aim
of
climate-smart
cropping
systems.
Perennialization
believed
to
be
suitable
mitigation
strategy
for
climate
change
the
potential
enhancing
C
stocks.
Based
on
nine-year
field
experiment
in
Denmark,
we
measured
changes
and
nitrogen
(N)
stocks,
yield,
stability
three
perennial
(low-fertilized
miscanthus,
high-fertilized
festulolium,
no
N-fertilized
grass-legume
mixture)
two
annual
(continuous
triticale
maize)
We
found
that
topsoil
(0–20
cm)
0–100
cm
stocks
N
varied
significantly
between
Over
nine
years,
increased
by
an
average
1.4
Mg
ha−1
systems,
while
they
decreased
3.4
The
6.8
systems
2.3
system,
but
2.5
maize
system.
Topsoil
0.18
0.08
Changes
did
not
differ
Miscanthus,
showed
highest
(17.1,
16.7,
16.4
year−1,
respectively).
There
were
significant
differences
among
stability.
This
study
demonstrated
obtaining
higher
compared
maintaining
high
supporting
perennialization
as
promising
option
agriculture.
Abstract
To
mitigate
climate
change,
some
seek
to
store
carbon
from
the
atmosphere
in
agricultural
soils.
However,
our
understanding
about
how
agriculture
affects
soil
organic
is
muddied
by
studies
(1)
lacking
longitudinal
data,
(2)
ignoring
bulk
density
changes,
or
(3)
sampling
only
surface
better
understand
trends,
here
we
measured
changes
over
30
years
density-corrected,
full-soil-depth
(90
cm)
stocks
under
6
cropping
systems
and
a
restored
prairie
Mollisol
of
southern
Wisconsin,
USA.
Cash-grain
alfalfa-based
lost
carbon.
Prairie
rotationally-grazed
pasture
maintained
Average
losses
for
cash-grain
were
−0.80
(±0.12)
−0.54
(±0.13)
Mg
C
ha
−1
yr
,
respectively.
Sensitivity
analysis
showed
that
incomplete
methodologies
overestimated
improvements.
Our
findings
using
more
comprehensive
methods
demonstrate
inadequacy
row-crop
need
well-managed
grasslands
protect
productive
soils
Upper
Midwest
GCB Bioenergy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(2)
Published: Jan. 28, 2025
ABSTRACT
We
estimate
the
U.S.
potential
to
convert
biomass
into
liquid
hydrocarbons
for
fuel
and
chemical
feedstocks,
assuming
massive
low‐carbon
external
heat
hydrogen
inputs.
The
is
first
a
carbon
feedstock
only
secondarily
an
energy
source.
This
analysis
done
three
estimates
of
available
derived
from
2023
Department
Energy/U.S.
Agriculture
“Billion‐Ton
Report”
two
augmented
cases
with
maximum
annual
production
1326,
4791,
5799,
7432,
8745
million
barrels
diesel
equivalent
per
year
five
cases.
Constraints,
such
as
assuring
long‐term
soil
sustainability
by
recycling
nutrients
some
back
soils,
result
in
being
70%–80%
these
numbers.
currently
consumes
about
6900
year.
Long‐term
hydrocarbon
consumption
are
between
50%
75%
current
consumption.
External
additions
conversion
processes
are,
respectively
25,
91,
111,
142,
167
tons
system
strongly
negative
because
nutrient
soils
improve
productivity.
European Journal of Soil Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
76(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Increasing
soil
organic
carbon
(SOC)
stocks
by
improving
cropland
management
practices
has
great
potential
to
mitigate
climate
change.
Long‐term
field
experiments
(LTEs)
are
valuable
study
effects
on
properties
and
crop
yield.
Yet
most
LTE
studies
limited
the
topsoil,
farming
systems
integrating
multiple
strategies
often
not
assessed.
This
used
three
Swedish
LTEs
assess
of
rotations
fertilisation
SOC
changes.
One
arable
rotation
with
only
annual
crops
a
ley
annuals,
perennial
receiving
manure
were
investigated
at
different
application
rates
mineral
fertilisers.
We
analysed
changes
in
content
distribution
depths,
calculated
C
inputs
phospholipid
fatty
acids
(PLFAs)
evaluate
how
affected
relation
microbial
communities.
Both
lost
0–20
cm
topsoil
from
1966
2019
across
sites,
but
sandy
site
more
than
clayey
sites.
The
nitrogen
(N)
reduced
losses.
In
2019,
top
25
3.3
±
1.6
Mg
ha
−1
higher
compared
2.9
N
highest
rate
no
fertilisation.
However,
positive
decreased
depth
became
negative
some
depths.
As
result,
differences
an
equivalent
60
declined
0.6
2.4
for
1.0
had
significantly
belowground
rotation,
highly
associated
SOC.
Compared
total
PLFAs,
bacterial
PLFAs
ratio
bacteria
fungi
partly
attributed
application.
Our
supports
beneficial
leys
amendments
crops.
It
also
highlights
risk
losing
subsoil,
especially
under
Site
characteristics
helped
explain
large
variation,
which
must
be
considered
when
developing
local
accrual
cropland.
CABI Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 4, 2024
Abstract
Soil
organic
carbon
(SOC)
sequestration
promotes
several
ecological,
economic,
and
social
co-benefits.
However,
most
SOC
studies
rely
on
topsoil
evaluations
(0–30
cm),
disregarding
a
significant
fraction
of
the
that
is
stored
in
deep
layers.
Understanding
relationship
between
soil
climate
change
imperative
guiding
sustainable
land
management
practices,
informing
mitigation
strategies,
preserving
crucial
role
regulating
atmospheric
CO
2
levels.
We
conducted
comprehensive
literature
review
to
discuss
origins
carbon,
globally
standardized
methodology
recommended
for
measuring
stocks,
mechanisms
controlling
(physical,
chemical,
biochemical)
layers,
significance
microbial
community
advancements
radiocarbon
studies,
impact
practices
SOC,
influence
stocks.
Overall,
more
empirical
data
long-term
are
needed
address
knowledge
gaps
terms
advance
our
understanding
shaping
global
cycles
resilience.
The
main
challenges
accurate
estimations
budgets
high
spatial
variability,
relative
lack
measurements,
need
reliable
reference
modeling
improvements.
A
practical
bulk
density
(BD)
estimation
layers
(i.e.,
30–100
cm)
improve
accuracy
C
stock
should
be
addressed
further
studies.
Modeling
approaches
based
sensors
machine
learning
techniques
promising
tools
overcome
this
challenge.
there
still
large
variability
methods
measure
report
BD
stocks
worldwide,
preventing
advances.
GCB Bioenergy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(6)
Published: May 20, 2024
Abstract
Miscanthus
,
a
C
4
perennial
rhizomatous
grass,
is
low‐input
energy
crop
suitable
for
marginal
land,
which
cultivation
can
improve
soil
quality
and
promote
organic
carbon
(SOC)
sequestration.
In
this
study,
four
promising
hybrids
were
chosen
to
evaluate
their
short‐term
potential,
in
six
European
sites,
sequester
SOC
physical,
chemical,
biological
topsoil.
Overall,
no
differences
among
detected
terms
of
impacts
on
sequestration
rate
after
years
was
+0.4
Mg
ha
−1
year
but
land‐use
transition
from
former
cropland
or
grassland
showed
contrasting
trajectories.
unfertilized
lands,
high‐yielding
genotypes
caused
depletion
K
(−216
kg
),
followed
by
Ca
(−56
(−102
)
lesser
extent
N.
On
the
contrary,
turnover
matter
increased
available
P
content
(+164
2
O
5
).
identified
as
main
driver
changes
quality.
High
input
labile
plant
stimulated
an
increment
microbial
biomass
enzymatic
activity.
Here,
novel
approach
applied
estimate
different
organs.
Despite
high
estimated
(0.98
with
significant
sites
hybrids,
it
not
initial
nutrients
(N,
P)
content,
well
elemental
stoichiometric
ratios
C,
key
factors
controlling
dynamics.
Introducing
lands
positively
over
short
term,
targeted
fertilization
plans
are
needed
secure
yield
long
term
sink
capacity
cropping
system.
Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(3), P. 1223 - 1223
Published: Feb. 3, 2025
Soil
carbon
sequestration
(SCS)
is
a
nature-based,
low-cost
climate
mitigation
strategy
that
also
contributes
to
the
adaptation
of
agricultural
systems.
Some
land-use
and
land-management
practices
potentially
lead
an
enhancement
soil
organic
(SOC)
sink,
such
as
no-till,
use
cover
crops,
leaving
residues
on
fields,
improving
variety
legume
species
in
grasslands
reducing
grazing
intensity.
However,
uncertainties
remain
both
estimating
measuring
impact
application
certain
practices,
these
vary
with
soil,
historic
land
use.
IPCC
(Intergovernmental
Panel
Climate
Change)
guidelines
are
commonly
used
estimate
SOC
potentials
at
different
tiers.
Here,
IPCC’s
tier
1
methodology
was
applied
(1)
potential
nine
(2)
emission
or
four
current
land-change
trends
for
n
=
7092
unique
sites
mainland
Portugal.
The
conversion
irrigated
crops
improved
resulted
highest
average
unit
(1.05
tC
ha−1
yr−1),
while
cropland
poor
degraded
pasture
(abandonment)
loss
(−0.08
yr−1).
abandonment
results
national
up
0.09
MtC
yr−1,
improvement
pastures
has
potential,
equal
0.6
yr−1
(2.2
MtCO2eq
about
4%
Portugal’s
emissions
2021,
if
all
managed
areas.
enable
comparison
between
uses;
however,
enhance
accuracy,
higher
tailored
Portuguese
context
should
be
developed.