Perennial cropping systems increased topsoil carbon and nitrogen stocks over annual systems—a nine-year field study

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 365, P. 108925 - 108925

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Enhancing biomass yield simultaneously with soil carbon (C) sequestration is a key aim of climate-smart cropping systems. Perennialization believed to be suitable mitigation strategy for climate change the potential enhancing C stocks. Based on nine-year field experiment in Denmark, we measured changes and nitrogen (N) stocks, yield, stability three perennial (low-fertilized miscanthus, high-fertilized festulolium, no N-fertilized grass-legume mixture) two annual (continuous triticale maize) We found that topsoil (0–20 cm) 0–100 cm stocks N varied significantly between Over nine years, increased by an average 1.4 Mg ha−1 systems, while they decreased 3.4 The 6.8 systems 2.3 system, but 2.5 maize system. Topsoil 0.18 0.08 Changes did not differ Miscanthus, showed highest (17.1, 16.7, 16.4 year−1, respectively). There were significant differences among stability. This study demonstrated obtaining higher compared maintaining high supporting perennialization as promising option agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Soil carbon maintained by perennial grasslands over 30 years but lost in field crop systems in a temperate Mollisol

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: July 3, 2024

Abstract To mitigate climate change, some seek to store carbon from the atmosphere in agricultural soils. However, our understanding about how agriculture affects soil organic is muddied by studies (1) lacking longitudinal data, (2) ignoring bulk density changes, or (3) sampling only surface better understand trends, here we measured changes over 30 years density-corrected, full-soil-depth (90 cm) stocks under 6 cropping systems and a restored prairie Mollisol of southern Wisconsin, USA. Cash-grain alfalfa-based lost carbon. Prairie rotationally-grazed pasture maintained Average losses for cash-grain were −0.80 (±0.12) −0.54 (±0.13) Mg C ha −1 yr , respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that incomplete methodologies overestimated improvements. Our findings using more comprehensive methods demonstrate inadequacy row-crop need well-managed grasslands protect productive soils Upper Midwest

Language: Английский

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Potential U.S. Production of Liquid Hydrocarbons From Biomass With Addition of Massive External Heat and Hydrogen Inputs

GCB Bioenergy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2)

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

ABSTRACT We estimate the U.S. potential to convert biomass into liquid hydrocarbons for fuel and chemical feedstocks, assuming massive low‐carbon external heat hydrogen inputs. The is first a carbon feedstock only secondarily an energy source. This analysis done three estimates of available derived from 2023 Department Energy/U.S. Agriculture “Billion‐Ton Report” two augmented cases with maximum annual production 1326, 4791, 5799, 7432, 8745 million barrels diesel equivalent per year five cases. Constraints, such as assuring long‐term soil sustainability by recycling nutrients some back soils, result in being 70%–80% these numbers. currently consumes about 6900 year. Long‐term hydrocarbon consumption are between 50% 75% current consumption. External additions conversion processes are, respectively 25, 91, 111, 142, 167 tons system strongly negative because nutrient soils improve productivity.

Language: Английский

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Crop Rotation With Ley and Nitrogen Fertilisation Reduced Soil Carbon Loss in Three Swedish Long‐Term Field Experiments

European Journal of Soil Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 76(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks by improving cropland management practices has great potential to mitigate climate change. Long‐term field experiments (LTEs) are valuable study effects on properties and crop yield. Yet most LTE studies limited the topsoil, farming systems integrating multiple strategies often not assessed. This used three Swedish LTEs assess of rotations fertilisation SOC changes. One arable rotation with only annual crops a ley annuals, perennial receiving manure were investigated at different application rates mineral fertilisers. We analysed changes in content distribution depths, calculated C inputs phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) evaluate how affected relation microbial communities. Both lost 0–20 cm topsoil from 1966 2019 across sites, but sandy site more than clayey sites. The nitrogen (N) reduced losses. In 2019, top 25 3.3 ± 1.6 Mg ha −1 higher compared 2.9 N highest rate no fertilisation. However, positive decreased depth became negative some depths. As result, differences an equivalent 60 declined 0.6 2.4 for 1.0 had significantly belowground rotation, highly associated SOC. Compared total PLFAs, bacterial PLFAs ratio bacteria fungi partly attributed application. Our supports beneficial leys amendments crops. It also highlights risk losing subsoil, especially under Site characteristics helped explain large variation, which must be considered when developing local accrual cropland.

Language: Английский

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Deep soil organic carbon: A review

CABI Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 4, 2024

Abstract Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration promotes several ecological, economic, and social co-benefits. However, most SOC studies rely on topsoil evaluations (0–30 cm), disregarding a significant fraction of the that is stored in deep layers. Understanding relationship between soil climate change imperative guiding sustainable land management practices, informing mitigation strategies, preserving crucial role regulating atmospheric CO 2 levels. We conducted comprehensive literature review to discuss origins carbon, globally standardized methodology recommended for measuring stocks, mechanisms controlling (physical, chemical, biochemical) layers, significance microbial community advancements radiocarbon studies, impact practices SOC, influence stocks. Overall, more empirical data long-term are needed address knowledge gaps terms advance our understanding shaping global cycles resilience. The main challenges accurate estimations budgets high spatial variability, relative lack measurements, need reliable reference modeling improvements. A practical bulk density (BD) estimation layers (i.e., 30–100 cm) improve accuracy C stock should be addressed further studies. Modeling approaches based sensors machine learning techniques promising tools overcome this challenge. there still large variability methods measure report BD stocks worldwide, preventing advances.

Language: Английский

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Patterns and determinants of microbial- and plant-derived carbon contributions to soil organic carbon in tea plantation chronosequence

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Early impacts of marginal land‐use transition to Miscanthus on soil quality and soil carbon storage across Europe

GCB Bioenergy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6)

Published: May 20, 2024

Abstract Miscanthus , a C 4 perennial rhizomatous grass, is low‐input energy crop suitable for marginal land, which cultivation can improve soil quality and promote organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. In this study, four promising hybrids were chosen to evaluate their short‐term potential, in six European sites, sequester SOC physical, chemical, biological topsoil. Overall, no differences among detected terms of impacts on sequestration rate after years was +0.4 Mg ha −1 year but land‐use transition from former cropland or grassland showed contrasting trajectories. unfertilized lands, high‐yielding genotypes caused depletion K (−216 kg ), followed by Ca (−56 (−102 ) lesser extent N. On the contrary, turnover matter increased available P content (+164 2 O 5 ). identified as main driver changes quality. High input labile plant stimulated an increment microbial biomass enzymatic activity. Here, novel approach applied estimate different organs. Despite high estimated (0.98 with significant sites hybrids, it not initial nutrients (N, P) content, well elemental stoichiometric ratios C, key factors controlling dynamics. Introducing lands positively over short term, targeted fertilization plans are needed secure yield long term sink capacity cropping system.

Language: Английский

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Soil organic carbon sequestration rate and spatiotemporal dynamics under perennial energy crops cultivation: A global meta-analysis

Soil and Tillage Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 240, P. 106064 - 106064

Published: March 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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Carbon Stock Dynamics in Biosphere Reserves and Mountainous Forest Ecosystems

Trees Forests and People, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100789 - 100789

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Predicting bulk density in Brazilian soils for carbon stocks calculation: a comparative study of multiple linear regression and Random Forest models using continuous and categorical variables

Discover Soil., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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