Neurodevelopmental Resilience and Susceptibility to Maternal Immune Activation

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 42(11), P. 793 - 806

Published: Sept. 4, 2019

Language: Английский

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Role of diet and its effects on the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental disorders

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: April 20, 2022

There is emerging evidence that diet has a major modulatory influence on brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) interactions with important implications for brain health, and several disorders. The BGM system made up of neuroendocrine, neural, immune communication channels which establish network bidirectional between the brain, gut its microbiome. Diet not only plays crucial role in shaping microbiome, but it can modulate structure function through these channels. In this review, we summarize available from preclinical clinical studies dietary habits interventions selected group psychiatric neurologic disorders including depression, cognitive decline, Parkinson's disease, autism spectrum disorder epilepsy. We will particularly address diet-induced microbiome changes have been implicated effects, some are shared different While majority findings demonstrated cross-sectional, epidemiological studies, to date there insufficient mechanistic human make conclusions about causality specific microbially mediated function. Many benefits health attributed anti-inflammatory effects by microbial metabolites fiber polyphenols. new attention given factors potential improve treatment outcomes currently pharmacological non-pharmacological therapies.

Language: Английский

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IL-6 and IL-8: An Overview of Their Roles in Healthy and Pathological Pregnancies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(23), P. 14574 - 14574

Published: Nov. 23, 2022

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an acknowledged inflammatory cytokine with a pleiotropic action, mediating innate and adaptive immunity multiple physiological processes, including protective regenerative ones. IL-8 pro-inflammatory CXC chemokine primary function in attracting activating neutrophils, but also implicated variety of other cellular processes. These two ILs are abundantly expressed at the feto-maternal interface over course pregnancy have been shown to participate numerous pregnancy-related events. In this review, we summarize literature data regarding their role healthy pathological pregnancies. The general information related IL-6 functions followed by overview overall expression cycling endometrium interface. Further, provide involvement establishment parturition. Finally, implication pregnancy-associated conditions, such as loss, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus infection/inflammation discussed.

Language: Английский

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Brain Fuel Utilization in the Developing Brain

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 75(Suppl. 1), P. 8 - 18

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

During pregnancy and infancy, the human brain is growing extremely fast; volume increases significantly, reaching 36, 72, 83% of adults at 2–4 weeks, 1 year, 2 years age, respectively, which essential to establish neuronal networks capacity for development cognitive, motor, social, emotional skills that will be continually refined throughout childhood adulthood. Such dramatic changes in structure function are associated with very large energetic demands exceeding by far those other organs body. It has been estimated during may account up 60% body basal requirements. While main source energy adult glucose, it appears not sufficient sustain metabolic its development. Recently, proposed this challenge solved ability use ketone bodies (KBs), produced from fatty acid oxidation, as a complement energy. Here, we first describe cellular physiological processes drive along time how different pathways engaged support them. assumed majority substrates used activity signal transmission. We discuss glucose KBs metabolized provide carbon backbones synthesize lipids, nucleic acid, cholesterol, indispensable building blocks cell proliferation also refine connectivity through synapse formation/elimination myelination. conclude only important needs under development, but they biosynthesis macromolecules underlying structural growth reorganization. emphasize acids supporting production provided complex food matrices, such breast milk, understanding their availability impacts key promote adequate nutrition metabolism and, therefore, optimal

Language: Английский

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Virus-Induced Maternal Immune Activation as an Environmental Factor in the Etiology of Autism and Schizophrenia

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 12, 2022

Maternal immune activation (MIA) is mediated by of inflammatory pathways resulting in increased levels cytokines and chemokines that cross the placental blood-brain barriers altering fetal neural development. viral infection one most well-known causes for pregnant women. MIA abnormalities are key players etiology developmental conditions such as autism, schizophrenia, ADHD, depression. Experimental evidence implicating with different effects offspring complex. For decades, scientists have relied on either models or human epidemiological data a combination both. generated using infection/pathogenic agents to induce an immunological reaction rodents monitor effects. Human studies investigate link between maternal and/or high mothers likelihood developing conditions. In this review, we discuss importance understanding relationship virus-mediated neurodevelopmental conditions, focusing autism schizophrenia. We further methods studying their limitations focus factors contributing heterogeneity.

Language: Английский

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The dual hit hypothesis of schizophrenia: Evidence from animal models

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 131, P. 1150 - 1168

Published: Oct. 26, 2021

Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder, which can severely impact social and professional functioning. Epidemiological clinical studies show that schizophrenia has multifactorial aetiology comprising genetic environmental risk factors. Although several factors have been identified, it still not clear how they result in schizophrenia. This knowledge gap, however, be investigated animal studies. In this review, we summarise regarding molecular cellular mechanisms through may affect brain development, ultimately causing Preclinical suggest early the immune, GABAergic, glutamatergic, or dopaminergic system thus increase susceptibility to another factor later life. A second insult, like isolation, stress, drug abuse, further disrupt these systems interactions between them, leading behavioural abnormalities. Surprisingly, first insults maternal infection separation also protective effects. Single gene mutations associated with did major on subsequent hits.

Language: Английский

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Considering the nutritional benefits and health implications of red meat in the era of meatless initiatives

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Driven by perceived health and environmental benefits, initiatives to remove red meat from recommended eating patterns are increasingly being implemented in United States institutions, including schools hospitals. While these efforts aim address important issues, they may inadvertently lead unintended consequences, particularly regarding essential nutrient intake for certain populations. This perspective considers the nutritional value of meat, examines its potential highlights risks when is reduced or eliminated. Red a nutrient-dense food that provides highly bioavailable protein several micronutrients often lacking diet, iron, zinc, vitamin B 12 . These nutrients can be limited absent many plant-source foods as well some animal-source foods. meat’s micronutrient profile especially valuable young children women reproductive age, pregnant women. In addition, density beneficial individuals managing obesity older adults at risk sarcopenia. Many epidemiological studies suggest associations between excessive consumption increased chronic diseases, but this evidence does not conclusively implicate development progression disease. The implications reducing must balanced against low certainty used discourage making dietary recommendations.

Language: Английский

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Brain foods - the role of diet in brain performance and health

Nutrition Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 79(6), P. 693 - 708

Published: July 26, 2020

Abstract The performance of the human brain is based on an interplay between inherited genotype and external environmental factors, including diet. Food nutrition, essential in maintenance performance, also aid prevention treatment mental disorders. Both overall composition diet specific dietary components have been shown to impact function various experimental models epidemiological studies. This narrative review provides overview role 5 key areas related health including: (1) development, (2) signaling networks neurotransmitters brain, (3) cognition memory, (4) balance protein formation degradation, (5) deteriorative effects due chronic inflammatory processes. Finally, epigenetic regulation physiology discussed.

Language: Английский

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Brain diseases in changing climate

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 177, P. 108637 - 108637

Published: Aug. 8, 2019

Language: Английский

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Mindfulness and Other Simple Neuroscience-Based Proposals to Promote the Learning Performance and Mental Health of Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 552 - 552

Published: April 27, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on education. restrictions imposed have undoubtedly led to impairment of the psychological well-being both teachers and students, way they experience interpersonal relationships. As reported previously in literature, adverse effects such as loneliness, anxiety, stress resulted decrease cognitive performance school higher education students. Therefore, objective this work is present general overview which may potentially influence learning Some neuroscientific findings related memory cognition, neuroplasticity long-term potentiation, are also shown. We discuss positive practice mindfulness, well other simple recommendations based restful sleep, physical activity, nutrition, can act cognition. Finally, we propose some practical how achieve more effective student context pandemic. aim review provide assistance changing uncertain situation all find ourselves, hope that information could serve starting point for hypotheses be tested educational research their association with neuroscience.

Language: Английский

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