Brazil
has
a
wide
diversity
of
species
stingless
bees
the
tribe
Meliponini,
with
244
described
species.
In
last
decade,
after
reported
decline
in
bees’
colonies,
have
been
used
as
study
model
toxicological
assessments
tropical
regions.
These
consider
mainly
risks
associated
exposure
to
agrochemicals,
which
can
affect
health
these
essential
pollinators
and
consequently
compromise
their
ecosystem
services.
The
present
aimed
(a)
review
literature
considering
agrochemicals
Brazil,
(b)
provide
big
picture
scenario
trends
research
on
interaction
76
years,
including
species,
methods
tested
(c)
adapted
protocols
for
carrying
out
bees;
(d)
assess
lethal
sublethal
effects
larval
bee
Partamona
helleri
different
agrochemicals.
Data
from
meta-analysis
(implementing
artificial
intelligence)
underwent
identification,
screening,
eligibility
inclusion
phases,
were
analyzed
according
via
development
stage.
number
studies
particularly
insecticides,
increased
over
decade.
However,
cover
only
2.9%
Brazil.
Toxicological
comprise
order
Hymenoptera
(Apidae),
emphasis
Apis
mellifera.
group
especially
neonicotinoids,
most
studied
main
route
was
acute
under
laboratory
conditions.
here
successfully
validated,
exhibiting
high
survival
rate
between
80
–
100%
control
treatment
chronic
larvae
adults,
respectively,
is
necessary
satisfy
regulatory
authorities.
orally
treated
three
affected,
dose
type
compound,
recommended
field
doses
copper
sulfate
(CuSO4),
spinosad
highly
toxic,
unlike
glyphosate.
Locomotion
altered
adults
derived
larvae,
gut
microbiota
composition
did
not
change
by
agrochemical.
It
conclude
that
systematic
reviews,
description
assessing
possible
improve
knowledge
regarding
role
play
bees,
well
point
gaps
need
be
filled.
this
way,
data
obtained
comprehensive
overview
may
suffering
because
human
activities.
Keywords:
Behavior.
Gut
microbiota.
Risk
assessment.
Systematic
review.
Wild
bees.
Pathogens,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(5), P. 662 - 662
Published: April 29, 2023
Cross-resistance
to
medical
azoles
by
exposure
azole
pesticides
is
well
documented
for
Aspergillus
family
fungi
but
poorly
evaluated
other
environmental
pathogen
fungi,
particularly
yeasts
belonging
the
Cryptococcus
neoformans/Cryptococcus
gattii
species
complexes.One
thousand
C.
neoformans
yeast
were
exposed
various
concentrations
of
seven
different
commonly
used
pesticides.
Clones
surviving
picked
randomly,
and
their
minimal
inhibitory
(MICs)
fluconazole,
voriconazole,
posaconazole,
itraconazole
isavuconazole
assessed.Depending
on
pesticide
exposure,
up
13.3%
selected
colonies
showed
a
phenotype
resistance
among
them,
several
cross-resistance
another
or
azoles.
Molecular
mechanisms
involved
in
setups
seem
be
dependent
ERG11
AFR1
gene
overexpression.Exposure
any
tested
capable
increasing
MIC
fluconazole
neoformans,
including
level
fluconazole-resistant
phenotype,
as
generating
some
cases.
Environmental Entomology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
52(3), P. 416 - 425
Published: May 12, 2023
Sustainable
production
of
pumpkin
(Cucurbita
maxima
Duchesne)
partly
relies
on
integrated
pest
management
(IPM)
and
pollination
services.
A
farmer-managed
field
study
was
carried
out
in
Yatta
Masinga
Sub-Counties
Machakos
County,
Kenya,
to
determine
the
effectiveness
a
recommended
IPM
package
its
interaction
with
stingless
bee
colonies
(Hypotrigona
sp.)
for
pollinator
supplementation
(PS).
The
comprised
Lynfield
traps
cuelure
laced
organophosphate
malathion,
sprays
Metarhizium
anisopliae
(Mechnikoff)
Sorokin
isolate
ICIPE
69,
most
widely
used
fungal
biopesticide
sub-Saharan
Africa,
protein
baits
incorporating
spinosad.
Four
treatments-IPM,
PS,
(which
combined
PS),
control-were
replicated
4
times.
experiment
conducted
600
m2
farms
2
normalized
difference
vegetation
index
(NDVI)
classes
during
growing
seasons
(October
2019-March
2020
March-July
2020).
Fruits
showing
signs
infestation
were
incubated
emergence,
fruit
fly
trap
catches
counted
weekly,
physiologically
mature
fruits
harvested.
There
no
effect
IPM,
NDVI
yield
across
seasons.
This
revealed
synergistic
between
PS
suppressing
Tephritid
population
densities
damage.
Hypotrigona
sp.
is
not
an
efficient
pumpkin.
Therefore,
we
recommend
testing
other
African
bees
systems
better
services
improved
yields.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 30, 2024
Abstract
The
commercial
stingless
bee
Heterotrigona
itama
naturally
nests
in
tree
cavities
but
was
kept
wooden
boxes
meliponiculture
farms.
However,
at
Universiti
Malaysia
Sabah
(UMS),
these
bees
primarily
nest
lamp
posts.
We
conducted
a
temperature
survey
to
assess
posts
as
potential
nesting
sites
for
H.
itama,
aiming
determine
if
the
preference
occupied
related
their
distribution.
measured
ambient
temperatures
shaded
areas
and
unoccupied
exposed
on
UMS
campus,
calculating
percentage
of
time
fell
outside
optimal
range
itama.
Additionally,
we
analyzed
occurrence
timing
regulation
post
by
comparing
differences
between
across
four-time
blocks.
Temperature
measurements
(shaded)
(exposed)
revealed
that
experienced
bees'
(27°C-32°C)
less
often
than
(68.4%
vs.
78.12%).
This
suggests
may
prefer
due
more
stable
profile.
internal
posts,
whether
or
not,
consistently
1.54–1.76°C
warmer
during
hotter
periods
closer
cooler
periods,
indicating
inherent
insulation
properties
metal
notable
difference
observed
late
afternoon
evening,
suggesting
active
thermoregulation
maintain
temperature.
Journal of Applied and Natural Science,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(4), P. 675 - 681
Published: Dec. 13, 2020
Pollinators
play
a
key
functional
role
in
most
terrestrial
ecosystems
and
provide
important
ecosystem
service
to
maintain
wild
plant
communities
agricultural
productivity.
The
decline
pollinators
has
been
related
anthropogenic
disturbances
such
as
habitat
loss,
alterations
land
use,
climate
change.
surge
mobile
telephony
led
marked
increase
electromagnetic
fields
the
atmosphere,
which
may
affect
pollinator
pollination.
Several
laboratory
studies
have
reported
negative
effects
of
radiation
on
reproduction,
development,
navigation
insects.
abundance
insects
beetle,
wasp,
hoverfly,
decreased
with
radiation(EMR),
whereas
underground-nesting
bees
bee
fly
unexpectedly
increased
EMR.
Potential
risks
for
biodiversity
are
radiofrequency
(AREMR)
(light,
radiofrequency).
Artificial
light
at
night
(ALAN)
can
alter
function
pollinator.
Evidence
impacts
AREMR
is
not
adequate
due
lack
high
quality,
field-realistic
studies.
Whether
experiencing
threat
ALAN
or
AREMR,
while
major
knowledge
gap
exists.
In
this
review,
EMR
groups
bees,
hoverflies,
flies,
beetles,
butterflies,
wasps
etc.
highlighted.
Researchers
also
recommended
further
study
This
will
be
significant
conserve
other
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 27, 2023
Abstract
Over
the
last
few
decades,
agrochemicals
have
been
partially
associated
with
a
global
reduction
in
bees.
Toxicological
assessment
is
crucial
for
understanding
overall
agrochemical
risks
to
stingless
Therefore,
lethal
and
sublethal
effects
of
commonly
used
crops
(copper
sulfate,
glyphosate,
spinosad)
on
behavior
gut
microbiota
bee,
Partamona
helleri
,
were
assessed
using
chronic
exposure
during
larval
stage.
The
recommended
field
doses
CuSO
4
(200
Active
Ingredient,
a.i.,
µg)
spinosad
(8,16
a.i.
reduced
survival,
but
not
glyphosate
(148
µg).
No
significant
adverse
bee
development
observed
any
treatment
or
increased
number
deformed
bees
their
body
mass.
Agrochemicals
changed
composition
adult
bees,
metals
such
as
copper
accumulated
bees’
bodies.
response
depends
class
dose
ingested
compound.
In
vitro
rearing
larvae
useful
tool
elucidate
agrochemicals.