Antibiotic Resistance Diagnosis in ESKAPE Pathogens—A Review on Proteomic Perspective

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1014 - 1014

Published: March 7, 2023

Antibiotic resistance has emerged as an imminent pandemic. Rapid diagnostic assays distinguish bacterial infections from other diseases and aid antimicrobial stewardship, therapy optimization, epidemiological surveillance. Traditional methods typically have longer turn-around times for definitive results. On the hand, proteomic studies progressed constantly improved both in qualitative quantitative analysis. With a wide range of data sets made available public domain, ability to interpret considerably reduced error rates. This review gives insight on state-of-the-art techniques diagnosing antibiotic ESKAPE pathogens with future outlook evading “imminent pandemic”.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of Fosfomycin-Containing Regimens for Treatment of Bacteremia Due to Pan-Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Critically Ill Patients: A Case Series Study

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 286 - 286

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) has evolved over the last decades as a major problem in carbapenem-resistant gram-negative nosocomial infections, associated with high mortality rates especially intensive care unit (ICU). Recent reports highlight increasing prevalence of resistance to colistin, resort therapeutic option for AB. We retrospectively evaluated characteristics, treatment regimens and outcomes twenty patients pan-drug resistant (PDR) AB primary bacteremia hospitalized ICU University General Hospital Patras, during two-year period (October 2020–September 2022). The 28-day reached 50%. Between survivors non-survivors, no differences were found regarding age, gender, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). However, non-survivors had higher APACHE II scores septic shock COVID-19 infection. A significantly percentage survivor group received Fosfomycin part combination regimen. Inclusion fosfomycin regimen was better survival compared non-fosfomycin-containing regimens. In view PDR-AB infections ICUs, its lack effective options, observed benefit inclusion merits further validation larger prospective studies.

Language: Английский

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Bacteriophages in Infectious Diseases and Beyond—A Narrative Review

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1012 - 1012

Published: June 5, 2023

The discovery of antibiotics has revolutionized medicine and changed medical practice, enabling successful fighting infection. However, quickly after the start antibiotic era, therapeutics for infectious diseases started having limitations due to development antimicrobial resistance. Since pipeline largely slowed down, with few new compounds being produced in last decades most them belonging already-existing classes, ways treat pathogens that are resistant is becoming an urgent need. To end, bacteriophages (phages), which already used some countries agriculture, aquaculture, food safety, wastewater plant treatments, could be also clinical practice against bacterial pathogens. Their one century ago was followed by studies showed optimistic results were limited, however, notable obstacles. rise during next left phage research inactive status. In decades, on phages have shown encouraging animals. Hence, further humans needed confirm their potential effective safe treatment cases where there or no other viable therapeutic options. This study reviews biology applications non-medical uses a narrative manner.

Language: Английский

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Metallo-beta-lactamases: mechanisms, treatment challenges, and future prospects

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 189 - 201

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Introduction Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) are responsible for resistance to almost all beta-lactam antibiotics. Found predominantly in Gram-negative bacteria, they severely limit treatment options. Understanding the epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention of infections caused by MBL-producing organisms is essential reduce their burden.

Language: Английский

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Shifting from Ammonium to Phosphonium Salts: A Promising Strategy to Develop Next-Generation Weapons against Biofilms

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 80 - 80

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Since they are difficult and sometimes impossible to treat, infections sustained by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, emerging especially in nosocomial environments, an increasing global public health concern, translating into high mortality healthcare costs. In addition having acquired intrinsic abilities resist available antibiotic treatments, MDR bacteria can transmit genetic material encoding for resistance non-mutated bacteria, thus strongly decreasing the number of effective antibiotics. Moreover, several pathogens develop forming biofilms (BFs), a safe antibiotic-resistant home microorganisms. BFs made well-organized bacterial communities, encased protected self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix, which impedes antibiotics' ability reach causing them lose efficacy. By adhering living or abiotic surfaces settings, intensive care units where immunocompromised older patients with comorbidities hospitalized cause onset difficult-to-eradicate infections. this context, recent studies have demonstrated that quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), acting as membrane disruptors initially low tendency resistance, anti-BF potentialities. However, paucity innovation space has driven emergence QAC resistance. More recently, phosphonium salts (QPSs), including tri-phenyl alkyl derivatives, achievable easy one-step reactions well known intermediates Wittig reaction, shown promising effects vitro. Here, after overview pathogen BFs, QACs, we reviewed QPSs developed assayed end, so far. Finally, synthetic strategies used prepare also been provided discussed spur synthesis novel class. We think extension knowledge about these materials review could be successful approach finding weapons treating chronic device-associated diseases BF-producing bacteria.

Language: Английский

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Treatment Strategies of Colistin Resistance Acinetobacter baumannii Infections

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 423 - 423

Published: May 6, 2024

Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a pressing challenge in clinical practice, mainly due to the development of resistance multiple antibiotics, including colistin, one last-resort treatments. This review highlights all possible mechanisms colistin and genetic basis contributing this resistance, such modifications lipopolysaccharide or lipid A structures, alterations outer membrane permeability via porins heteroresistance. In light escalating threat, also evaluates available treatment options. The new antibiotics (cefiderocol, sulbactam/durlobactam) although not everywhere, use various combinations synergistic drug (including two more following: polymyxin, ampicillin/sulbactam, carbapenems, fosfomycin, tigecycline/minocycline, rifamycin, aminoglycosides) are discussed context overcoming A. infections. Although most studied polymyxin-based combinations, non-polymyxin-based have been emerging promising However, data remain limited continued investigation is essential determine optimal therapeutic strategies against colistin-resistant baumannii.

Language: Английский

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Etiological and epidemiological aspects of nosocomial bacterial infections during the COVID-19 pandemic

Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 1, P. 15 - 30

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

The most important aspect of the problem quality medical care is epidemiological safety therapeutic and diagnostic process. intensive development high-tech, invasive methods diagnosis treatment, combined with widespread spread multidrug-resistant microorganisms, determine need for continuous improvement system supervision control infections associated (ISMP). aim study was to identify cases ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract in units (ICU) when infected ESСAPE group bacteria; their prevalence, etiological structure significance patients COVID-19 undergoing artificial ventilation (ventilator). results showed that who received support ventilator mode, representatives bacteria (with genetic determinants multiantibiotic resistance) were found more than 2 times often surgical patients, which indicates aerobic gram-negative non-fermenting spectrum formation colonization infection tract. At same time, both a ICU, genus Klebsiella spp., producing beta-lactamase, as well microorganisms Acinetobacter spp, prioritized structure. P. aegidiposa, characterized by pronounced acquired resistance antibiotics carbapenem are prerogative units. To ensure during ventilation, it necessary implement strategy empirical targeted antibiotic therapy; monitoring resistance; conduct surveillance ICU full collection information on agents, tighten over preparation ventilation.

Language: Английский

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Mortality due to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bacteraemia: a five-year cohort study in intensive care patients

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial Treatment Strategies for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: A Focus on Novel Therapies

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 1226 - 1226

Published: Oct. 9, 2021

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an urgent global threat due to its increasing incidence and intrinsic antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic development has focused on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, with approved antibiotics in recent years having limited activity for Stenotrophomonas. Accordingly, novel treatment strategies are desperately needed. We conducted a systemic literature review offer recommendations based current evidence strategy of infection.

Language: Английский

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Virulence Potential and Treatment Options of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(10), P. 2104 - 2104

Published: Oct. 6, 2021

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen which undoubtedly known for a high rate of morbidity and mortality in hospital-acquired infections. A. causes life-threatening infections, including; ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), meningitis, bacteremia, wound urinary tract infections (UTI). In 2017, the World Health Organization listed as priority-1 pathogen. The prevalence outbreaks emphasizes direct need use effective therapeutic agents treating such Available antimicrobials, as; carbapenems, tigecycline, colistins have insufficient effectiveness due to appearance multidrug-resistant strains, accentuating alternative novel remedies. To understand overcome this menace, knowledge recent discoveries on virulence factors needed. Herein, we summarized role various factors, outer membrane proteins, efflux pumps, biofilm, penicillin-binding siderophores/iron acquisition systems. We reviewed scientific literature different antimicrobial treatment management bacterial

Language: Английский

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