Exploring cutting-edge approaches in diabetes care: from nanotechnology to personalized therapeutics
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 25, 2024
Abstract
Diabetes
mellitus
(DM)
is
a
persistent
condition
characterized
by
high
levels
of
glucose
in
the
blood
due
to
irregularities
secretion
insulin,
its
action,
or
both.
The
disease
was
believed
be
incurable
until
insulin
extracted,
refined,
and
produced
for
sale.
In
DM,
delivery
devices
analogs
have
improved
glycemic
management
even
further.
Sulfonylureas,
biguanides,
alpha-glucosidase
inhibitors,
thiazolidinediones
are
examples
newer-generation
medications
having
efficacy
decreasing
hyperglycemia
as
result
scientific
technological
advancements.
Incretin
mimetics,
dual
glucose-dependent
insulinotropic
polypeptide,
GLP-1
agonists,
PPARs,
dipeptidyl
peptidase-4
anti-CD3
mAbs,
glucokinase
activators,
glimins
targets
all
performed
well
recent
clinical
studies.
Considerable
focus
placed
on
free
FA
receptor
1
agonist,
protein
tyrosine
phosphatase-1B
Sparc-related
modular
calcium-binding
which
still
being
studied.
Theranostics,
stem
cell
therapy,
gene
siRNA,
nanotechnology
some
new
therapeutic
techniques.
Traditional
Chinese
medicinal
plants
will
also
discussed.
This
study
seeks
present
comprehensive
analysis
latest
research
advancements,
emerging
trends
medication
utilization
systems
treating
DM.
objective
provide
valuable
insights
into
application
different
pharmaceuticals
field
diabetes
treatment.
Also,
approach
diabetic
patients
infected
with
COVID-19
highlighted.
Recent
experimental
studies
evidence
Egyptian
experience.
Finally,
per
knowledge
state
art,
our
conclusion
future
perspective
declared.
Language: Английский
Targeting the Epigenetic Marks in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Will Epigenetic Therapy Be a Valuable Adjunct to Pharmacotherapy?
Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 17, P. 3557 - 3576
Published: Sept. 1, 2024
Although
genetic,
environmental,
and
lifestyle
factors
largely
contribute
to
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
risk,
the
role
of
epigenetics
in
its
pathogenesis
is
now
well
established.
The
epigenetic
mechanisms
T2DM
mainly
consist
DNA
methylation,
histone
modifications
regulation
by
noncoding
RNAs
(ncRNAs).
For
instance,
methylation
at
CpG
islands
promoter
regions
specific
genes
encoding
insulin
signaling
glucose
metabolism
suppresses
these
genes.
Modulating
enzyme
mediators
marks
aims
restore
standard
gene
expression
patterns
improve
glycemic
control.
In
targeting
marks,
using
drugs
such
as
methyltransferase
(DNAMT),
deacetylase
(HDAC)
acetyltransferase
(HAT)
inhibitors
has
led
variable
success
humans
experimental
murine
models.
Specifically,
United
States'
Food
Drug
Administration
(US
FDA)
approved
DNAMT
like
5-azacytidine
5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine
for
use
diabetic
retinopathy:
a
microvascular
complication.
These
block
mitochondrial
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD2)
matrix
metallopeptidase
9
(MMP-9):
retinopathy.
Traditional
pharmacotherapy
with
metformin
also
have
effects
positively
alter
disease
outcomes
when
combined
HDAC
inhibitors,
raising
prospect
therapy
valuable
adjunct
pharmacotherapy.
However,
introducing
small
interfering
(siRNAs)
cells
silence
target
remains
exploratory
phase.
Future
research
should
focus
on
regulating
long
RNA
(lncRNA)
molecules,
another
ncRNA.
This
review
discusses
that
macro-
complications,
potential
benefits
combining
optimal
results.
Language: Английский