Phytotherapeutic options for the treatment of epilepsy: pharmacology, targets, and mechanism of action

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 24, 2024

Epilepsy is one of the most common, severe, chronic, potentially life-shortening neurological disorders, characterized by a persisting predisposition to generate seizures. It affects more than 60 million individuals globally, which major burdens in seizure-related mortality, comorbidities, disabilities, and cost. Different treatment options have been used for management epilepsy. More 30 drugs approved US FDA against However, one-quarter epileptic still show resistance current medications. About 90% low middle-income countries do not access medication. In these countries, plant extracts treat various diseases, including These medicinal plants high therapeutic value contain valuable phytochemicals with diverse biomedical applications. multifactorial disease, therefore, multitarget approaches such as or extracted are needed, can target multiple pathways. Numerous shown epilepsy animal models targeting receptors, enzymes, metabolic could be humans future; however, further research needed study exact mechanism action, toxicity, dosage reduce their side effects. this narrative review, we comprehensively summarized species purified isolated from plants, targets

Language: Английский

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Genetic Testing in Epilepsy: Improving Outcomes and Informing Gaps in Research

Epiliepsy currents/Epilepsy currents, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 25, 2024

While the diagnosis of epilepsy relies on presence seizures, it encompasses a group phenotypically and etiologically diverse disorders in which seizures may only be one constellation symptoms. There are genetic, structural, metabolic causes, but most syndromes have some genetic predisposition. The importance genetics management has been increasingly recognized over past 2 decades. With increased access to testing tools new recommendations that all patients with unexplained get testing, is becoming part routine clinical care. Increased resulted an explosion number genes changes identified changing our understanding mechanisms epileptogenesis. Advances both scientific discovery expanding potential impact patient care as well creating dilemmas. This brief review will highlight where we regarding ability obtain diagnosis, how diagnoses care, next likely frontiers management.

Language: Английский

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Changes in gut microbiome can be associated with abrupt seizure exacerbation in epilepsy patients

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 246, P. 108556 - 108556

Published: Sept. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Understanding the impact of valproate on male fertility: insights from preclinical and clinical meta-analysis

BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Sept. 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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Real-world safety evaluation of brivaracetam: insights from the US FDA adverse event reporting system

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Brivaracetam (BRV) is a novel drug for the treatment of epilepsy. This study aimed to detect and characterize adverse events (AEs) associated with BRV from first quarter 2016 second 2024 using U.S. Food Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. We utilized disproportionality analysis methods, including reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional (PRR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS), assess associations between reported AEs usage in FAERS data. A total 1,781 event reports were analyzed, as primary suspected drug. identified 13 positive system organ classes (SOCs) 78 preferred term signals (PTs), particular focus on nervous disorders, psychiatric injury, poisoning, procedural complications. Exposures related complications during pregnancy lactation showed signals, exposure before pregnancy, breastfeeding, pregnancy. These exposures warrant significant attention. Based database, we conducted comprehensive BRV. aims provide guidance clinical application epilepsy treatment, thereby improving its safety.

Language: Английский

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Multi-scale Neural Homeostasis Mechanisms: Insights into Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutic Approaches, Including Exercise

Advanced Exercise and Health Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Inefficient maturation of disease-linked mutant forms of the KCC2 potassium-chloride cotransporter correlates with predicted pathogenicity

Journal of Biological Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108399 - 108399

Published: March 1, 2025

The potassium chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) is required for neuronal development, and KCC2 dysregulation implicated in several neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, autism, epilepsy. A dozen mutations the KCC2-encoding gene, SLC12A5, are associated with these but few fully characterized. To this end, we examined biogenesis a HEK293 cell model. While most of disease-associated mutants matured efficiently, L403P mutant was unable to traffic Golgi. Two other mutants, A191V R857L, exhibited more subtle defects maturation. Cell surface biotinylation assays showed that were also depleted from surface. Another variant, R952H, acquired Golgi-associated glycans yet significantly plasma membrane, consistent loss membrane-stabilizing phosphorylation site. determine whether ability mature Golgi could be predicted, employed computational pathogenicity program, Rhapsody, which shown past work predict endoplasmic reticulum degradation-targeting an unrelated ion channel. We discovered Rhapsody score correlated relative maturation, algorithm outperformed two commonly used programs. These data demonstrate efficacy bioinformatic tool efficiency biogenesis. propose can develop hypotheses on SLC12A5 alleles as they identified.

Language: Английский

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Kynurenine Pathway in Epilepsy: Unraveling Its Role in Glutamate Excitotoxicity, GABAergic Dysregulation, Neuroinflammation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Neurotoxicity Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 43(2)

Published: March 28, 2025

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Anticonvulsant Potential of Daucus carota L.: A Combined In Silico and In Vivo Study for Epilepsy Therapy Development

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100610 - 100610

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Genetic epilepsies with myoclonic seizures: Mechanisms and syndromes

Epilepsia Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 9, 2025

Abstract Genetic epilepsy with myoclonic seizures encompasses a heterogeneous spectrum of conditions, ranging from benign and self‐limiting forms to severe, progressive disorders. While their causes are diverse, significant proportion stems genetic abnormalities. Advances in research over the past decade have uncovered novel mechanisms underlying these disorders, including single‐gene mutations, copy number variations (CNVs), non‐coding repeat expansions. These findings not only deepen our understanding pathophysiology but also highlight potential avenues for precision medicine. This review provides comprehensive overview epilepsies linked pathogenic gene variants, exploring discussing clinical implications. Plain Language Summary In this work, we describe mainly characterized by seizures, defects disease mechanisms, considerations medicine treatment.

Language: Английский

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