Pulsed Hyperoxia Acts on Plasmatic Advanced Glycation End Products and Advanced Oxidation Protein Products and Modulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: A Pilot Study on the “Normobaric Oxygen Paradox”

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2394 - 2394

Published: Feb. 18, 2024

The “normobaric oxygen paradox” (NOP) describes the response to return normoxia after a hyperoxic event, sensed by tissues as an shortage, up-regulating redox-sensitive transcription factors. We have previously characterized time trend of oxygen-sensitive factors in human PBMCs, which 30% is hypoxic trigger, hypoxia-induced factor (HIF-1) activation. On contrary, 100% and 140% induce shift toward oxidative stress response, NRF2 NF-kB activation first 24 h post exposure. Herein, we investigate whether this paradigm triggers Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) Oxidation Protein Products (AOPPs) circulating biomarkers stress. Secondly, studied if mitochondrial biogenesis was involved link cellular PBMCs. Our results show that AGEs AOPPs increase different manner according dose. Mitochondrial levels peroxiredoxin (PRX3) supported increased at mild hyperoxia, MH (30% O2), high HH (100% while during very VHH (140% significantly only 3 activated through nuclear translocation PGC-1α all experimental conditions. However, consequent release Transcription Factor A (TFAM) observed Conversely, are associated with progressive loss NOP ability TFAM expression despite also occurring these This study confirms pulsed treatment elicits specific responses, its partial pressure administration, further emphasizes importance targeting use activate effects on whole organism.

Language: Английский

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Menstrual cycle does not impact the hypoxic ventilatory response and acute mountain sickness prediction

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Oct. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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Individual sex-based variability to altitude training in elite badminton players

Journal of Sports Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 6

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

To assess how altitude training impacts force-velocity-power (F-V-P) profiling and muscular power anaerobic capacity in elite badminton players reference to intra- inter-individual sex-based variability. Following a quasi-experimental design, 14 (6 females, 8 males) from the French national singles doubles teams performed 3-week 'living high-training high' camp at natural (2320 m). F-V-P profile Wingate test were assessed Pre- Post-intervention, using ANOVA repeated measures conventional statistics, with further estimation statistics show magnitude of testing condition visualize responses. No significant interaction nor time effect (Pre- vs. Post-) was observed for any variables (all p > 0.05), but sex maximal theoretical velocity (p < 0.01), relative (Pmaxrel) = 0.02) peak mean outputs (both 0.001) during test. Pre-to-Post changes (from −11.0% + 14.4%) did not significantly differ between sexes, except Pmaxrel 0.05) favor female athletes (+10.2% −4.3% male athletes). Hedge's g sizes (male minus female) revealed moderate large effects profiling-derived variables. Mean reveal training, mainly due high inter-variability across Substantial difference contributes this variability, emphasizing importance individualized approach enhance participant responsiveness training.

Language: Английский

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Sex Influence on Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation and Breath-Hold Diving Performance: Examination of the Autonomic Regulation of Cardiovascular Responses to Facial Cooling and Apnoea Across Sex and Varied Factors

NeuroSci, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 3 - 3

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

This review emphasises the importance of cardiovascular response to facial cooling (FC) and breath holding in both sexes. The trigemino-cardiac reflex, triggered by FC, reduces heart rate (HR) constricts blood vessels. When combined with holding, this effect intensifies, enhancing cardiodepressive impact. reaction combination, known as cold-water face immersion or simulated diving test, varies among individuals depends on their regulatory profiles, which differ between men women. Despite extensive research FC apnoea, most studies did not categorise participants sex, leading a limited understanding how it influences trigeminal nerve stimulation (TGS) breath-hold (BHD). attempts address this, existing findings remain inconsistent due intra- inter-individual variability. Key factors influencing include influence parasympathetic system HR, vascular sympathetic activity affecting total peripheral resistance (TPR), sensitivity CO2, lung capacity, training, physical performance, duration metaboreceptors working muscles. These women, potentially contributing variations effectiveness holding.

Language: Английский

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Gender differences of the brain structures in young high-altitude Tibetans

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract Gender differences in adaptation to high-altitude environments are evident, but the specific patterns Tibetan brains remain unclear. We analyzed T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans and neuropsychological test results from 61 male 68 female Tibetans, with lowland Han participants as controls. females had poorer performance than males digit serial accumulation forward span. Both significantly larger global gray matter volume white females, only contained a proportion of brains. (vs. males) smaller regional left rostral middle frontal gyrus pars opercularis right caudal gyrus, all Tibetans significant positive correlation Conversely, greater cortical thickness these regions, which negatively correlated altitude. populations exhibited different gender-based compared Tibetans. These findings suggest that more susceptible high-altitude, observed gender brain may relate distinct performances.

Language: Английский

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Exercise responses to perceptually regulated high intensity interval exercise with continuous and intermittent hypoxia in inactive overweight individuals

Experimental Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Abstract To investigate the acute effects of hypoxia applied during discrete work and recovery phases a perceptually regulated, high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on external internal loads in inactive overweight individuals. On separate days, 18 (28.7 ± 3.3 kg m −2 ; 31 8 years) men women completed cycling HIIE protocol (6 × 1 min intervals with 4 active recovery, maintaining perceived rating exertion 16 10 respectively, 6–20 Borg scale) randomized conditions: normoxia (NN), normobaric (inspired O 2 fraction ∼0.14) both (HH), (NH) only (HN). Markers (relative mean power output, MPO) load (blood lactate concentration, heart rate tissue saturation index (TSI)) were measured. MPO was lower HH compared to NN, NH HN (all P < 0.001), also being than NN ( 0.001) 0.023). Heart higher 0.001). Blood response = 0.003) 0.008). Changes TSI area above curve greater relative Hypoxia intermittently or may mitigate declines mechanical output observed when is performed continuous hypoxia, although implemented phase resulted elevated response. Specifically, performance largely comparable that can be achieved exclusively recovery.

Language: Английский

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Sex differences in elite ski mountaineering aerobic performance

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Ski mountaineering (SkiMo) sprints will debut as an Olympic sport in 2026, yet research on the discipline remains scarce compared to other winter sports. The demanding sprint format, with most of race time spent uphill sections, highlights importance body composition and maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O 2max ). While previous studies have primarily focused male athletes, this study aimed analyze sex differences physiological parameters elite SkiMo hypothesizing that vertical velocities (vV) would surpass those V˙O 2 at ventilatory thresholds (VT 1 , VT ) intensity (MAX), respectively. Twenty elite/worldclass Swiss athletes (6 women, 14 men, aged 20–32 years) participated study. They performed a graded exercise test exhaustion treadmill set 25% slope, breath-by-breath gas exchanges. Elite female had value 13.6% lower MAX (64.0 ± 3.8 vs. 72.8 5.5 ml/kg/min; p = 0.002) 15.5% (54.8 2.8 62.2 5.8 0.009) than their counterparts. Interestingly, sex-differences vV both (1,825 113 2,125 156 m/h; &lt; 0.001; 16.4%) (1,412 56 1,696 151 20.1%) intensities were consistently larger . Moreover, fat mass was higher females (15.2 1.0 6.6 0.6%; 0.004). Additionally, running energy cost significantly males (2,329 95 2,199 60 ml/kg/kmv; 0.018). Sex (16.4–20.1%) exceeded (13.6–16.5%). Investigation underlying mechanisms is required but several factors may contribute pronounced difference velocity beyond aerobic power alone. Overall, present findings align recent reporting 16%–20% performance times when investigating displacement. gap between men women appears be

Language: Английский

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Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia of Varying Severity on Metabolic and Hormonal Responses Following Resistance Exercise in Men and Women

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 1514 - 1514

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Background/Objectives: Resistance exercise under hypoxic conditions induces various metabolic and hormonal responses, yet the relationship between hypoxia severity anabolic hormone responses remains unclear. This study aimed to assess effects of a single bout resistance on in normoxia three levels both men women. Methods: The involved 16 physically active individuals with at least two years experience recreational training. participants completed sessions normobaric simulated altitudes 3000 m (H3000), 4000 (H4000), 5000 (H5000). Blood total testosterone (T), cortisol (C), growth (GH), variables were measured before after exercise. Results: In women, severe (H4000 H5000) was found significantly enhance post-exercise increases T GH compared H3000 (p < 0.05), without affecting C levels. men, (regardless intensity) did not augment changes normoxia. H4000 conditions, an increase observed leading unfavorable reduction T/C ratio. Additionally, number repetitions performed during training session weakened response (lactate creatine kinase) H5000. Conclusions: (H5000) induce pronounced response, particularly use appears due reduced diminished capacity, coupled failure more favorable secretion hormones than normoxic conditions.

Language: Английский

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Combined effects of weight reduction and hypoxia on physiological and perceptual responses to high-intensity exercise in endurance athletes

Journal of Sports Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 9

Published: March 4, 2025

This study investigated the effects of body weight (BW) reduction and hypoxia on physiological perceptual responses during high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) anti-gravity AlterG® treadmill. Twenty-six participants (12 women, age: 26.2 years, height: 170.4 cm, weight: 67.8 kg, VO2max: 61.1 mL/min/kg) completed a HIIE in 5 randomized conditions: normoxia at 100%BW; 80%BW; 60%BW; (FIO2 = 0.14) 60%BW. The included 3 sets 8 × 30-s efforts interspersed with rest 110% peak treadmill speed. Heart rate (HR), pulse arterial O2 saturation (SpO2), muscle deoxyhemoglobin concentration ([HHb]), perceived exertion (RPE) were continuously recorded. Blood lactate ([Lac-]) was measured post-session. BW decreased HR, [Lac-] RPE compared to control (p < 0.05) [HHb] men lowest %BW. When added, SpO2 reduced from 98% 85%. HR remained lower all conditions 0.05). higher than normoxic equivalent Hyp80% other for Despite subtle differences, women responded similarly this exercise-environment combination. Hypoxia effectively restored stress despite reduction, primarily impacting systemic rather local muscular parameters. combination methods may be beneficial rehabilitation performance context.

Language: Английский

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Hematological Adaptations to Altitude Training in Female Water Polo Players: A Case Report of a World Championships Medal-Winning Team

Sports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 86 - 86

Published: March 12, 2025

Background: The effective monitoring of athletes’ adaptation is crucial to optimize the outcomes altitude camps and minimize risk maladaptation hypoxic stress intensive training. This case report assessed hematological adaptations in 22 world-class female water polo players during a 16-day ‘live high-train high’ (LHTH) camp (2320 m) evaluated differences between selected (n = 13) non-selected 9) playing positions. Methods: Hematological parameters, including total hemoglobin mass (tHBmass) blood volume, were measured before after camp. Resting heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, body mass, fatigue, sleep monitored daily. Results: Relative tHbmass increased PRE POST (5.4 ± 5.1%, range −3.9–20.2), but volume did not change (p 0.797). Erythrocyte count, concentration, hematocrit, red cell distribution width PRE–POST < 0.001, ES 1.21–2.69), while mean corpuscular decreased 0.51 0.72, respectively). No substantial observed parameters players. There was large difference relative centers 4, 74.1 5.4, 69.7 5.9 mL/kg; SD) field 15, 80.8 10.6, 82.8 6.8 adj p 0.046, 1.15) goalkeepers 3, 89.7 9.6, 82.0 7.1 1.62). Conclusions: A LHTH can induce favorable women’s players, without larger increases

Language: Английский

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