Resistance Mechanisms of Plant Pathogenic Fungi to Fungicide, Environmental Impacts of Fungicides, and Sustainable Solutions

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(19), P. 2737 - 2737

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

The significant reduction in agricultural output and the decline product quality are two of most glaring negative impacts caused by plant pathogenic fungi (PPF). Furthermore, contaminated food or transit might introduce mycotoxins produced PPF directly into chain. Eating tainted with mycotoxin is extremely dangerous for both human animal health. Using fungicides first choice to control their toxins food. Fungicide resistance its effects on environment public health becoming more a concern, despite fact that chemical used limit toxicity growth crops. Fungicides induce target site alteration efflux pump activation, mutations result resistance. As result, global trends shifting away from chemically manufactured pesticides toward managing fungal diseases using various biocontrol techniques, tactics, approaches. However, surveillance programs monitor fungicide environmental impact much fewer compared bacterial antibiotic programs. In this review, we discuss contributes disease development plants, against them, factors causing spread emergence new strains, antifungal mechanisms PPF, health, fungicides, use agents (BCAs), antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), nanotechnologies as safe eco-friendly alternative fungicides.

Language: Английский

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Editorial: Global excellence in fungal pathogenesis: Asia & Australasia

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 4, 2025

Fungi are an integral part of our ecosystem, playing key roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling. However, a subset fungal species, including Candida auris, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, has emerged as significant pathogens, specially immunocompromised individuals. In all theAmong global health challenges, diseases have often been ignored. While bacterial viral infections frequently capture the headlines, fungi, despite their ubiquity, overlooked yet threat to human health. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently flagged rising concern released list critical priority strains 2022 that represent greatest infection (World Organization, 2022). rise invasive is particularly alarming. For instance, auris one top pathogen owing its ability resist multiple antifungal drugs, survive on surfaces for extended periods, cause outbreaks healthcare settings. Similarly, caused by fumigatus becoming harder treat many displayed resistance azole antifungals, which widely used both medicine agriculture (Hui et al. 2024). increasing prevalence exacerbated factors such climate change, trade, emergence drug-resistant (Casadevall 2019; Nnadi 2021). Rising temperatures expanding habitats pathogenic enabling them thrive regions previously deemed inhospitable. example, Coccidioides spp., responsible Valley fever, increasingly reported areas beyond traditional endemic zones southwestern United States. Furthermore, adaptability fungi warmer poses unique challenge. Some species evolving at body's core temperature, trait thought limit potential. This evolutionary shift underscores urgency monitoring behavior warming world.This research topic aimed highlight some recent views innovations diverse aspects pathogenesis. Jafarlou's review provides comprehensive overview pathogens with potential pandemics, C. A. Histoplasma capsulatum, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Mucoromycetes. It discusses virulence mechanisms may contribute pandemic Jafarlou about can effectively pandemics viz. jirovecii Mucoromycetes, while discussing gained lot attention due sudden appearance hospital-infection causing different parts world, being multidrug resistant isolates (Lockhart 2017; Casadevall 2019) . it shares features other group, scientists now studying specific give these extra edge over species. this topic, Kim demonsrate Oone factor shown be hydrolytic enzyme belonging secreted aspartyl proteinase family, SAP3, important hence could relevant drug target, especially (Kim al.). Timely accurate diagnosis timely treatment reduction mortality. culture-based techniques most commonly infections, newer molecular techniques, specifically based PCR introduced. Wang developed novel diagnostic tool, ERT-LAMP-CA, rapid ultrasensitive detection albicans infections. method integrates loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), restriction endonuclease cleavage, real-time fluorescence detection, allowing within approximately hour. Due evolution strains, delving into improving options Gao provide evidence combination therapy involving azoles proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) azole-resistant They show PPIs reverse resistance, offering new strategies treating Feng immunotherapy targets candidiasis vaccines monoclonal antibodies enhance immune responses against albicans, promising avenue treatment.In conclusion, collection articles shedding light pathogenesis, pathogens. References:1.Casadevall, A., Kontoyiannis, D.P., Robert, V. (2019). On auris: azoles, swamps, birds. mBio. 10(4):41–7. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01397-192.Hui, S.T., Gifford, H., & Rhodes, J. (2024). Emerging Antifungal Resistance Fungal Pathogens. Curr. Clin. Micro. Rpt. 11, 43–50. 10.1007/s40588-024-00219-8 3.Lockhart, S.R., Etienne, K.A., Vallabhaneni, S., Farooqi, J., Chowdhary, Govender, N.P., (2017). Simultaneous three continents confirmed whole genome sequencing epidemiological analyses. Infect. Dis. 64(2):134–40. 10.1093/cid/ciy333. 4.Nnadi, N.E. Carter, D.A. (2021). Climate change PLoS Pathog. 17(4):e1009503. 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009503. 5.WHO guide research, development public action. Geneva, Oct 25, 2022. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240060241

Language: Английский

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It’s Here, It’s There, There’s Fungi Everywhere: A Case Series Utilizing Rezafungin for Invasive Candidiasis

Infectious Diseases and Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2025

Rezafungin is a long-acting echinocandin with broad coverage against Candida. has primarily been indicated for candidemia, limited literature available on its use infections outside of the bloodstream. Herein, three patient cases are presented from an academic medical center. Infectious processes include drug-resistant mucosal candidiasis, prosthetic joint infection, and candidemia involving Candida auris. In all cases, patients received rezafungin. Clinical response was demonstrated in as tolerability Together these provide further evidence rezafungin, including treatment invasive other than candidemia.

Language: Английский

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Virulence profile of pathogenic yeasts from snakes: Alternative ways for antifungal strategies

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. e0318703 - e0318703

Published: March 12, 2025

Reptiles may act as reservoirs or spreaders of potential pathogenic microorganisms including Candida yeasts. While the epidemiology yeast species has been thoroughly studied, virulence profile isolated is not well investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to assess haemolytic, phospholipase, lipase activities and biofilm formation yeasts from cloacal swabs venomous snakes Marrakech, Morocco (Group I, n = 40) non-venomous Cocullo, Italy II, 32). All Group 1 showed low production (Lz ≥ 0.90) haemolysin (Hz 0.90), only 35% them were phospholipase (Pz) producers (Pz > 0.90). In contrast, all 2 produced enzymes more than 62% high amounts ≤ 0.64; Lz 0.69; Hz 0.69). Data show that able produce factors, which vary according hosts their origin, thus suggesting role in harboring spreading environment. Since was lower ones, we discussed it be affected by venom composition. This will pave way for fungal infection control, alternative antifungal drugs order overcome resistance phenomena.

Language: Английский

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The Significance of Fungal Specialized Metabolites in One Health Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 3120 - 3120

Published: March 28, 2025

Among the emerging threats in global health, fungal pathogens stand out as some of most important, causing over 1.6 million deaths annually and destroying a third all food crops each year, exacerbating insecurity economic losses. Climate change further amplifies threat by enabling pathogenic fungi to survive at mammalian temperatures, increasing risks zoonotic transmission antifungal resistance. In this context, interdisciplinary research, particularly One Health approach, is crucial for understanding evolution resistance improving diagnostic therapeutic tools. Drawing lessons from agriculture, where integrated pest management strategies successfully mitigate threats, could offer new ways tackle infections humans. Advanced metabolomics diagnostics, including metabolites biomarkers, hold promise early detection personalized treatment. Collaborative efforts between medicine, veterinary science, plant pathology are essential develop drugs improve clinical diseases, fostering more resilient health system.

Language: Английский

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Proposal of a new antimicrobial resistance notation system to improve communication

Veterinary Record, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 196(8), P. 323 - 323

Published: April 18, 2025

Abstract Mansoor Nabi suggests the adoption of a subscript‐based notation system to enhance clarity, allowing for precise communication across human, veterinary and environmental systems.

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of fungi and their antifungal and disinfectant resistance in hospital environments: insights into combating nosocomial mycoses

Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 23, 2025

Fungal infections are increasingly recognized as a global health concern, contributing to considerable morbidity and mortality in hospital settings. This underscores the urgent need for infection prevention control healthcare facilities protect vulnerable patients from risk of acquiring invasive fungal diseases (IFDs). Given critical role transmission-based precautions limiting spread filamentous fungi responsible IFDs, this study was conducted explore potential environment dissemination these infections. A total 83 samples were collected air surface exhaust vents intensive care units (ICUs) hospitals Isfahan, Iran, assess presence diversity species. Susceptibility testing against antifungal agents, including commonly used drugs disinfectants, performed on identified isolates. Furthermore, resistance profiles isolates clinical IFD cases compared with those environmental Fungi detected 45% 100% vent samples, Aspergillus species being most genus. Mucorales also found 17% samples. spp. Rhizopus showed highest Amphotericin B, proportion exhibited simultaneous disinfectants. similar profile noted between A. flavus some R. arrhizus both The findings indicate that environment, particularly vents, may act significant reservoir causative agents IFDs. highlights importance surveillance preventing controlling nosocomial

Language: Английский

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Multidimensional insights into squalene epoxidase drug development: in vitro mechanisms, in silico modeling, and in vivo implications

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 30, 2025

Squalene epoxidase (SQLE) is a pivotal enzyme in sterol biosynthesis, catalyzing the conversion of squalene to 2,3-oxidosqualene. Beyond its core role cholesterol homeostasis, SQLE implicated cancer, hypercholesterolemia, and fungal infections, positioning it as valuable therapeutic target. We conducted comprehensive literature search across primary databases gather vitro, silico, vivo evidence on SQLE. This review explores enzyme's structural functional features, including substrate specificity catalytic mechanisms, examines inhibitor interactions. Computational methods predict - dynamics, guiding drug design, while investigations clarify SQLE's metabolic disorders tumorigenesis. Challenges include resistance study discrepancies, but emerging technologies, such cryo-electron microscopy CRISPR editing, offer new avenues for deeper exploration. an underexplored yet promising target, with particular relevance oxidative stress, ferroptosis, gut microbiota research. Overcoming current barriers through advanced technologies multidisciplinary strategies could propel SQLE-targeted treatments into clinical practice, supporting precision medicine broader translational applications.

Language: Английский

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Fungal cell wall biogenesis: structural complexity, regulation and inhibition

Fungal Genetics and Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 179, P. 103991 - 103991

Published: May 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Antifungal Drug Discovery Through Co-Culture with Antarctic Streptomyces albidoflavus Strain CBMAI 1855

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(23), P. 12744 - 12744

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Fungal infections pose a growing public health threat, creating an urgent clinical need for new antifungals. Natural products (NPs) from organisms in extreme environments are promising source novel drugs. Streptomyces albidoflavus CBMAI 1855 exhibited significant potential this regard. This study aimed to (1) assess the antifungal spectrum of extract against key human pathogens, (2) elicit NP production through co-cultivation with fungi, correlating metabolites biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), and (3) perform silico toxicity predictions identified compounds analyze their suitability drug development. The crude broad-spectrum activity. metabolomic analysis NPs such as antimycin A, fungimycin, surugamides, 9-(4-aminophenyl)-3,7-dihydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-9-oxo-nonoic acid, ikarugamycin, latter two predicted be most suitable Genome mining revealed three cryptic BGCs potentially encoding These warrant detailed investigation elucidate metabolic harness potential. is prolific producer multiple agents, offering valuable discovery. highlights importance exploring microbial interactions uncover therapeutics fungal infections, exploration pathway compounds.

Language: Английский

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