Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
43(1), P. 192 - 192
Published: Dec. 30, 2023
All
living
things,
comprising
animals,
plants,
and
people
require
water
to
survive.
The
world
is
covered
in
water,
just
1
percent
of
it
fresh
functional.
importance
value
freshwater
have
increased
due
population
growth
rising
demands.
Approximately
more
than
70
the
world's
used
for
agriculture.
Agricultural
employees
are
least
productive,
inefficient,
heavily
subsidized
users
world.
They
also
utilize
most
overall.
Irrigation
consumes
a
considerable
amount
water.
field's
supply
needs
be
safeguarded.
A
critical
stage
estimating
agricultural
production
crop
irrigation.
global
shortage
serious
issue,
will
only
get
worse
years
come.
Precision
agriculture
intelligent
irrigation
solutions
that
solve
aforementioned
issues.
Smart
systems
other
modern
technologies
must
improve
quantity
high-quality
Such
system
has
potential
quite
accurate,
but
requires
data
about
climate
quality
region
where
used.
This
study
examines
smart
using
Internet
Things
(IoT)
cloud-based
architecture.
water's
temperature,
pH,
total
dissolved
solids
(TDS),
turbidity
all
measured
by
this
device
before
processed
cloud
range
machine
learning
(ML)
approaches.
Regarding
content
limits,
farmers
given
accurate
information.
Farmers
can
increase
effective
techniques.
ML
methods
support
vector
machines
(SVM),
random
forests
(RF),
linear
regression,
Naive
Bayes,
decision
trees
(DT)
categorize
pre-processed
sets.
Performance
metrics
like
accuracy,
precision,
recall,
f1-score
calculate
performance
algorithms.
Water Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
255, P. 121499 - 121499
Published: March 20, 2024
Recently,
there
has
been
a
significant
advancement
in
the
water
quality
index
(WQI)
models
utilizing
data-driven
approaches,
especially
those
integrating
machine
learning
and
artificial
intelligence
(ML/AI)
technology.
Although,
several
recent
studies
have
revealed
that
model
produced
inconsistent
results
due
to
data
outliers,
which
significantly
impact
reliability
accuracy.
The
present
study
was
carried
out
assess
of
outliers
on
recently
developed
Irish
Water
Quality
Index
(IEWQI)
model,
relies
techniques.
To
author's
best
knowledge,
no
systematic
framework
for
evaluating
influence
such
models.
For
purposes
assessing
outlier
(WQ)
this
first
initiative
research
introduce
comprehensive
approach
combines
with
advanced
statistical
proposed
implemented
Cork
Harbour,
Ireland,
evaluate
IEWQI
model's
sensitivity
input
indicators
quality.
In
order
detect
outlier,
utilized
two
widely
used
ML
techniques,
including
Isolation
Forest
(IF)
Kernel
Density
Estimation
(KDE)
within
dataset,
predicting
WQ
without
these
outliers.
validating
results,
five
commonly
measures.
performance
metric
(R2)
indicates
improved
slightly
(R2
increased
from
0.92
0.95)
after
removing
input.
But
scores
were
statistically
differences
among
actual
values,
predictions
95%
confidence
interval
at
p
<
0.05.
uncertainty
also
contributed
<1%
final
assessment
using
both
datasets
(with
outliers).
addition,
all
measures
indicated
techniques
provided
reliable
can
be
detecting
their
impacts
model.
findings
reveal
although
had
architecture,
they
moderate
rating
schemes'
This
finding
could
improve
accuracy
as
well
helpful
mitigating
eclipsing
problem.
provide
evidence
how
influenced
reliability,
particularly
since
confirmed
effective
accurately
despite
presence
It
occur
spatio-temporal
variability
inherent
indicators.
However,
assesses
underscores
important
areas
future
investigation.
These
include
expanding
temporal
analysis
multi-year
data,
examining
spatial
patterns,
detection
methods.
Moreover,
it
is
essential
explore
real-world
revised
categories,
involve
stakeholders
management,
fine-tune
parameters.
Analysing
across
varying
resolutions
incorporating
additional
environmental
enhance
assessment.
Consequently,
offers
valuable
insights
strengthen
robustness
provides
avenues
enhancing
its
utility
broader
applications.
successfully
adopted
affect
current
Harbour
only
single
year
data.
should
tested
various
domains
response
terms
resolution
domain.
Nevertheless,
recommended
conducted
adjust
or
revise
schemes
investigate
practical
effects
updated
categories.
potential
recommendations
adaptability
reveals
effectiveness
applicability
more
general
scenarios.
Water Science & Technology Water Supply,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(2), P. 517 - 542
Published: Jan. 24, 2024
Abstract
Southeast
Asia
is
vulnerable
to
climate
change
with
over
half
of
its
population
already
being
impacted
by
drought,
flooding,
and
rise
in
sea
levels
recently.
This
work
reviews
the
current
water
resource
challenges
Indonesia,
prone
rising
impacts
change.
A
baseline
assessment
Indonesia's
drinking
resources
related
original
sources
presented.
In
response
a
growing
concern
chronic
that
undermine
supply
nationwide,
this
study
analyses
safety
supervision.
To
accomplish
this,
literature
survey
(100
studies
published
during
2000–2023
period)
was
performed
identify
regional
groundwater
sustainability
security
issues.
Among
main
findings
study,
only
10%
rainfall
infiltrates
groundwater,
while
70%
rivers
are
heavily
polluted
domestic
waste.
During
period,
availability
decreased
1,200
m3/year
2020,
35%
economically
feasible
for
reuse.
The
deficit
Indonesia
estimated
be
5.5
hm3/year
roughly
67%
population's
demand
satisfied
2021.
Although
might
fulfilled
private
vendors,
supply/demand
forecasts
2030
suggest
gap
could
not
closed
increasing
supply.
Environmental Pollution,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
336, P. 122456 - 122456
Published: Sept. 4, 2023
The
COVID-19
pandemic
has
significantly
impacted
various
aspects
of
life,
including
environmental
conditions.
Surface
water
quality
(WQ)
is
one
area
affected
by
lockdowns
imposed
to
control
the
virus's
spread.
Numerous
recent
studies
have
revealed
considerable
impact
on
surface
WQ.
In
response,
this
research
aimed
assess
in
Ireland
using
an
advanced
WQ
model.
To
achieve
goal,
six
years
monitoring
data
from
2017
2022
were
collected
for
nine
indicators
Cork
Harbour,
Ireland,
before,
during,
and
after
lockdowns.
These
include
pH,
temperature
(TEMP),
salinity
(SAL),
biological
oxygen
demand
(BOD5),
dissolved
(DOX),
transparency
(TRAN),
three
nutrient
enrichment
indicators-dissolved
inorganic
nitrogen
(DIN),
molybdate
reactive
phosphorus
(MRP),
total
oxidized
(TON).
results
showed
that
lockdown
had
a
significant
indicators,
particularly
TEMP,
TON,
BOD5.
Over
study
period,
most
within
permissible
limit
except
MRP,
with
exception
during
COVID-19.
During
pandemic,
TON
DIN
decreased,
while
improved.
contrast,
COVID-19,
at
7%
sites
deteriorated.
Overall,
Harbour
was
categorized
as
"good,"
"fair,"
"marginal"
classes
over
period.
Compared
temporal
variation,
improved
17%
period
Harbour.
However,
no
trend
observed.
Furthermore,
analyzed
model's
performance
assessing
indicate
model
could
be
effective
tool
evaluating
lockdowns'
quality.
can
provide
valuable
information
decision-making
planning
protect
aquatic
ecosystems.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
901, P. 165960 - 165960
Published: Aug. 3, 2023
This
study
aims
to
evaluate
existing
approaches
for
monitoring
and
assessing
water
quality
in
waterbodies
the
North
of
Ireland
using
newly
developed
methodologies.
The
results
reveal
significant
differences
between
new
technique
"one-out,
all-out"
approach
rating
quality.
found
status
be
"good,"
"fair,"
"marginal,"
whereas
classified
as
"moderate,"
respectively.
outperformed
different
waterbody
types,
with
high
R2
=
1,
NSE
0.99,
MEF
0
values.
Furthermore,
final
assessment
methodologies
had
lowest
uncertainty
(<1
%),
efficiency
measures
(NSE
MEF)
indicate
that
are
bias-free
assess
at
any
geographic
scale.
this
proposed
effective
states
transitional
coastal
Ireland.
also
highlighted
limitations
importance
updating
resource
management
systems
better
protection
these
waterbodies.
findings
have
implications
planning
other
similar
regions.
Total Environment Advances,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9, P. 200095 - 200095
Published: Dec. 30, 2023
Water
quality
index
is
crucial
for
improving
water
and
clean
supply
to
achieve
sustainable
development
goals
directly
related
water,
agriculture,
biodiversity,
health,
climate
actions.
examines
the
vital
relationship
between
demand,
focusing
on
role
that
(WQ)
plays
in
integrated
environmental
management.
This
study
evaluates
methodology
limitations
of
several
studies
by
doing
a
thorough
examination
regional
global
WQ
indices
synthesizing
results.
Quality
Indices
(WQIs)
have
been
used
measure
since
1960s,
offering
mechanism
changes
at
specific
needs
challenges.
review
assesses
using
indexes
based
aims
provide
detailed
analysis
various
WQIs
utilized
across
globe.
The
stated
measurements
into
single
number,
which
are
categorized
as
poor,
marginal,
fair,
excellent,
exceptional,
depict
clearly
understandably
WQ.
However,
region-specific
required
due
variety
standards
established
national
international
organizations,
well
different
pollution
prevention
elements.
Thus,
there
continual
interest
developing
exact
suitable
region
or
geographic
area.
Still,
structured
in-depth
literature
examine
current
research,
evaluate,
highlight
drawbacks
methodologies
employed
each
phase.
offers
insightful
information
researchers,
decision-makers,
practitioners
tackling
ever-changing
problems
resource
debate
concentrates
WQI-related
topics,
such
how
evolved,
what
variables
define
their
parameter
requirements,
restrictions
have,
widely
used,
benefits
over
one
another
regarding
worldwide
applicability.