Explainable Artificial Intelligence integrated with Machine learning operations to predict the nitrate concentrations in Groundwater
Abstract
Groundwater
is
a
commodity
we
depend
on
for
diverse
needs,
and
maintaining
its
quality
must
be
considered
vital.
We
Machine
Learning
(ML)
operations
Explainable
Artificial
Intelligence
(XAI)
to
predict
the
nitrate
concentration
levels
in
groundwater
of
India
years
2019
2023.
The
variables
used
this
study
are
Latitude,
Longitude,
pH,
EC,
CO3,
HCO3,
Cl,
SO4,
PO4,
TH,
Ca,
Mg,
Na,
K,
F,
TDS,
SiO2,
NO3
dataset
Fe,
As,
U,
2023
dataset.
prepared
GIS
surface
maps
using
interpolation
supported
by
Empirical
Bayesian
Kriging
method.
investigated
model
efficiency
feature
importance
presence
absence
location
attributes.
19
ML
models
filtered
Light
Gradient
Boosting
(LightGBM)
Liner
Regression
(LR)
that
exhibited
relatively
better
accuracy.
first
trained
these
fed
them
XAI
via
SHAP
(SHapley
Additive
exPlanations),
which
was
dependent
game
theory.
obtained
28.23%
24.88%
increase
accuracy
when
comparing
datasets
with
attributes,
respectively.
also
observed
28.3%
without
attribute
used.
conclude
can
integrated
improve
prediction
studies.

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: March 27, 2025
Language: Английский