Filament Disturbance and Fusion during Embedded 3D Printing of Silicones

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 5, 2024

Embedded 3D printing (EMB3D) is an additive manufacturing technique that enables complex fabrication of soft materials including tissues and silicones. In EMB3D, a nozzle writes continuous filaments into support bath consisting yield stress fluid. Lack fusion defects between can occur because the pushes fluid existing filaments, preventing coalescence. Interfacial tension was previously proposed as tool to drive interfilament fusion. However, interfacial also rupture shrinkage printed filaments. Here, we evaluate efficacy control in EMB3D. Using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based inks with varying amounts fumed silica surfactant, Laponite water supports, effect rheology, tension, print speeds, spacings on defects. We pairs parallel at orientations use digital image analysis quantify shrinkage, rupture, fusion, positioning By comparing disturbed disentangle effects movement filament extrusion. Critically, find capillary instabilities scale balance rheology tension. Less viscous supports higher tensions lead more all points process, from relaxation after writing, disturbance line, writing second line. It necessary overextrude material achieve particularly high viscosities low tensions. Finally, quality varies orientation, neighboring causes displacement structures. As such, specialized slicers are needed for EMB3D consider tighter orientation-dependent precise over shapes.

Language: Английский

Strategies to overcome the limitations of current organoid technology - engineered organoids

Journal of Tissue Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 1, 2025

Organoids, as 3D in vitro models derived from stem cells, have unparalleled advantages over traditional cell and animal for studying organogenesis, disease mechanisms, drug screening, personalized diagnosis treatment. Despite the tremendous progress made organoid technology, translational application of organoids still presents enormous challenges due to complex structure function human organs. In this review, limitations technologies are first described. Next, we explore ways address many cultures by engineering various dimensions systems. Finally, discuss future directions field, including potential roles simulated microphysiology system We hope that review inspires research into system.

Language: Английский