Complex multiple introductions drive fall armyworm invasions into Asia and Australia

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is thought to have undergone a rapid 'west-to-east' spread since 2016 when it was first identified in western Africa. Between 2018 and 2020, recorded from South Asia (SA), Southeast (SEA), East (EA), Pacific/Australia (PA). Population genomic analyses enabled the understanding of pathways, population sources, gene flow this notorious agricultural pest species. Using neutral single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) DNA markers, we detected genome introgression that suggested most populations study were overwhelmingly C- R-strain hybrids (n = 252/262). SNP mitochondrial markers multiple introductions parsimoniously explained by anthropogenic-assisted spread, i.e., associated with international trade live/fresh plants plant products, involved 'bridgehead populations' countries enable successful establishment neighbouring countries. Distinct signatures between Myanmar China do not support 'African origin spread' nor 'Myanmar source China' hypotheses. Significant genetic differentiation different Australian states supported pathways involving distinct SEA populations. Our as biosecurity hotspot FAW melting pot, demonstrated use analysis disentangle preventable human-assisted unpreventable natural spread.

Language: Английский

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Integrated approaches to maximizing maize resistance to fall armyworm

CABI Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Abstract Fall armyworm (FAW) is a serious pest of maize causing major yield loss throughout the world. FAW management not easy primarily due to its ability migrate into areas lacking resistant cultivars, lack diapause, and evolving resistance control measures. Here, we discuss genetics both deployment genetic including historical breeding efforts, transgenic Bt traits, gene identification studies promote marker-assisted selection, various recent advancements accelerate improvement such as genome editing, genomic high throughput phenotyping, RNAi. can also be achieved using an integrated approach. Challenges IPM include climate change, complex cropping systems wide range hosts for FAW. We suggest that multinational cooperative public private research will needed create insect (IIRM) approach tying together crop, pest, predators; agronomic monitoring methods; changing environment. This give breeders time use advanced plant techniques deploy cultivars with stress resilience, stability grain quality.

Language: Английский

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A diagnostic LAMP assay for rapid identification of an invasive plant pest, fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2022

Abstract Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a highly polyphagous invasive plant pest that has expanded its global geographic distribution, including recently into much of Australia. Rapid diagnostic tests are required for identification FAW to assist subsequent management and control. We developed new loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene accurate timely diagnosis in field. The specificity was tested against broad panel twenty non-target noctuids, eight other species. Only S. samples produced within 20 min, with an anneal derivative temperature 78.3 ± 0.3 °C. A gBlock dsDNA fragment trialled as synthetic positive control, different 81 LAMP able detect DNA down 2.4 pg, similar existing laboratory-based real-time PCR assay. also colorimetric master mix found it could successfully amplify half time compared Given high sensitivity rapid time, we recommend use this newly portable fluorometer in-field FAW.

Language: Английский

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Revisiting fall armyworm population movement in the United States and Canada

Frontiers in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Introduction Biophysical approaches validated against haplotype and trap catch patterns have modeled the migratory trajectory of fall armyworms at a semi-continental scale, from their natal origins in Texas or Florida through much United States east Rocky Mountains. However, unexplained variation validation analysis was present, misalignments between simulated movement armyworm populations ratios several locations, especially northeastern US Canada, been reported. Methods Using an expanded dataset extending into we assess consistency that relate overwintered to hypothesized dispersal trajectories North America compare geographic distribution these with previous model projections. Results discussion We confirm general accuracy modeling efforts, except for late season where our data suggests higher proportion invading northeast, eastern Canada. delineate limits range both overwintering show substantial intermixing migrants routinely occurs north South Carolina. discuss annual test hypothesis Appalachian Mountains influence haplotypes. how results may limit gene flow hereditary consequences interbreeding populations.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutagenesis of the major sex pheromone gene, acyl-CoA delta-9 desaturase (DES9) in Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 253, P. 126557 - 126557

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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Dry and Rainy Seasons Significantly Alter the Gut Microbiome Composition and Reveal a KeyEnterococcussp. (Lactobacillales: Enterococcaceae) Core Component inSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Corn Strain From Northwestern Colombia

Journal of Insect Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(6)

Published: Sept. 21, 2021

Spodoptera frugiperda is a polyphagous pest of several crops economic importance. Nowadays, the insect broadly distributed in America and, recently, Africa, Asia, and Australia. The species has diverged into corn rice strains. role gut microbiota physiology relevant due to its participation crucial functions. However, knowledge seasonal variations that alter microbiome pests limited. Gut composition between dry rainy seasons was analyzed with cultured uncultured approaches S. strain larvae collected at Northwest Colombia, as changes might fluctuate environmental changes. On basis culture-dependent methods, results show well-defined bacterial isolates belonging Enterococcus, Klebsiella (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae), Enterobacter (Enterobacterales: Bacillus (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) genera. community displayed low diversity across all samples. core detected methods composed Erysipelatoclostridium (Erysipelotrichales: Erysipelotrichaceae), Rasltonia (Burkholderiales: Burkholderiaceae), Rhizobium (Hyphomicrobiales: Rhizobiaceae) genera, Enterobacteriaceae family members. Significant differences were observed two seasons. relative abundance high season, while phylotype ZOR0006 Erysipelotrichaceae) Tyzzerella (Lachnospirales: Lachnospiraceae) genus, season. overall suggests strong presence antagonist activity selection factor possibly arising from host, dominant types, or material ingested. Targeting stability predominance this could be an additional alternative control strategies, particularly moth.

Language: Английский

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Host-Adapted Strains of Spodoptera frugiperda Hold and Share a Core Microbial Community Across the Western Hemisphere

Microbial Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 85(4), P. 1552 - 1563

Published: April 15, 2022

Language: Английский

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What Defines a Host? Oviposition Behavior and Larval Performance of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Five Putative Host Plants

Journal of Economic Entomology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 115(6), P. 1744 - 1751

Published: April 14, 2022

When an invasive species first breaches quarantine and establishes in yet another country, it invariably causes consternation for growers, part because of incomplete understanding the plants that are at risk. The Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is most recent example Australia. number this polyphagous noctuid reported to attack vast, including many crop species. Consequently, initial reactions from grower industry groups perceived themselves risk were demand emergency use insecticides. Yet field evidence suggests crops might not be since S. arrived Australia, maize have suffered damage, followed by sorghum. We question accuracy some claims host report experiments compared oviposition behavior, neonate silking larval performance on five crops: known hosts sorghum, putative cotton, peanut, pigeon pea. Maize ranked highest all preference measures, sorghum with pea cotton ranking lowest. Although can survive, develop, pupate we examined, preferred pest either or adult stages. suggest before a plant listed as given insect should fully carefully evaluated. Collecting immature does make host!

Language: Английский

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Fall armyworm threatens Asian rice security: A review of sustainable management strategies

CABI Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 19, 2025

Abstract Rice ( Oryza sativa L.), a primary staple food for billions of people worldwide, faces growing threat from the invasive fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), in Asia. Given predominance small-scale farmers Asian rice production, which accounts over two-thirds global output, region is highly vulnerable to FAW infestations. The FAW’s rapid reproduction, extensive dispersal capabilities, and remarkable adaptability pose significant risks, with potential substantial yield losses comparable those observed other crops. Recent reports highlight concerning host shift corn-specialized strain towards cultivation Beyond direct losses, infestations can lead excessive use pesticides, posing serious threats human health environment safety. Effective sustainable management crucial ensuring long-term agricultural sustainability. Control strategies encompass diverse range approaches, including cultural techniques, biological methods, chemical interventions, habitat manipulation. absence varieties resistant underscores urgent need accelerated development through genetic engineering. Cultural control practices, such as staggered planting, deep tillage, crop rotation non-host species, improved field sanitation, effectively reduce populations. While promising, methods like trap cropping push-pull require further validation systems. Biological measures utilize natural predators, big-eyed bugs ground beetles, parasitoids Telenomus remus Campoletis sonorensis . Additionally, entomopathogenic agents Metarhizium rileyi , Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Beauveria bassiana offer environmentally alternatives insecticides. synthetic insecticides remain an essential component management, increasing prevalence pesticide resistance associated economic necessitate eco-friendly solutions. multiple insecticide classes robust strategies. This review emphasizes critical role integrated pest (IPM) combating Asia, advocating balanced approach that prioritises control, effective judicious insecticides, mitigate damage ensure security region.

Language: Английский

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Molecular surveillance of resistance mutations in invasive populations of Spodoptera frugiperda in Europe, for evidence‐based pest control

Pest Management Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 25, 2025

Abstract BACKGROUND The invasive fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda , FAW), a highly destructive pest affecting more than 350 plant species, has recently invaded Europe raising urgent management concerns. Insecticide resistance profiling is essential to support evidence‐based control strategies. In this study, we analyzed target‐site insecticide mutations in FAW populations from Greece inform addition, DNA barcoding through cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 COI ) gene sequencing was used trace the pest's geographic origin and potential invasion pathways. RESULTS All specimens were identified as rice strain, exhibiting two almost balanced haplotypes (Haplotype 1: 58.6%; Haplotype 2: 41.4%), suggesting likely single, genetically diverse source population. Resistance‐associated ABCC2 (A > G single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP); up 80.9%) Ace‐1 (F290V: 37.5%; A201S: 3.85%), conferring Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) organophosphates/carbamates, respectively. By contrast, no resistance‐associated detected for other key insecticides (diamides, pyrethroids, oxadiazines, spinosyns, avermectins), their current efficacy Greece. CONCLUSION This study provides critical baseline monitoring Europe, supporting development of sustainable integrated strategies line with European Union Green Deal. Continuous molecular diagnostics, alongside complementary bioassays, recommended mitigate impact on agriculture. © 2025 Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd behalf Society Chemical Industry.

Language: Английский

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