Chemical investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sources in an urban area with complex air quality challenges

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hazardous air pollutants with well-documented carcinogenic, mutagenic, and toxic effects. This study investigates the chemical composition sources of PAHs in Kraków, a city characterized by diverse quality challenges. PM10 PM2.5 samples were collected during winter seasons 2014 2015, enabling detailed assessment PAH concentrations their atmospheric transformations. The results indicate that levels frequently exceeded European Union World Health Organization limits, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) reaching peak 38.8 ng m−3 30.2 PM2.5, highlighting significant health risks. To determine sources, chemical-based framework integrating diagnostic ratios, receptor modeling, backward trajectory analysis was applied. findings reveal coal biomass combustion dominant contributors, additional influences from vehicular emissions industrial activities. BaP/(BaP + BeP) ratio suggested underwent more aging than those PM10, indicating finer particles play crucial role transport transformation. Furthermore, correlations inorganic organic PM constituents, such as chloride levoglucosan, underscored mixed influence fossil fuel burning. also evaluated toxicological implications PAHs, demonstrating mutagenic activity toxicity levels, posed greater carcinogenic risk. While exposure index short-term remained within acceptable long-term effects require further assessment. Given complex interplay emission processes, continuous monitoring targeted mitigation strategies essential for improving urban quality.

Language: Английский

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CO2 Capture Using Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks

˜The œminerals, metals & materials series, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 3 - 20

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Impact of Aerosols on Climate Change and Radiative Forcing

IntechOpen eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 22, 2025

Aerosols significantly influence climate and public health. They exhibit diverse physical chemical properties originate from various sources, including natural anthropogenic activities. interact with solar radiation clouds, affecting Earth’s energy balance. However, their complex behavior interactions pose challenges for accurate quantification prediction. Health risks associated aerosols, particularly PM2.5, include respiratory cardiovascular diseases. Addressing these impacts requires a multifaceted approach, combining technological innovation, robust air quality regulations, international collaboration. Electrical engineers play crucial role in developing advanced sensors monitoring systems. Future research priorities refining aerosol characterization, understanding interactions, assessing long-term health impacts. Socio-economic considerations are effective mitigation strategies, especially resource-limited settings. Advancing interdisciplinary integrating policies essential managing creating sustainable future.

Language: Английский

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ADVANCEMENTS AND INNOVATIONS IN PM2.5 MONITORING: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

FUDMA Journal of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 243 - 255

Published: June 30, 2024

This comprehensive review examines the evolving landscape of PM2.5 monitoring, emphasizing its critical role in environmental chemistry, public health and electrical/electronic engineering. Traditional methods, including manual sampling, gravimetric analysis, Federal Reference Method (FRM), have long been relied upon for measurement but are hindered by limitations spatial coverage, temporal resolution, cost. In response, emerging technologies such as wireless sensor networks, low-cost technologies, remote sensing techniques, machine learning algorithms offer promising solutions to overcome these challenges. Through an analysis case studies applications various settings, urban areas, industrial zones, indoor environments, highlights effectiveness monitoring networks enhancing well need community engagement real-time solutions. Furthermore, technological innovations fusion, data analytics, artificial intelligence hold great promise improving accuracy, reliability, accessibility data. Regulatory agencies policymakers play a crucial advancing harmonizing standards, strengthening quality assurance measures, developing evidence-based regulations mitigate air pollution protect health. conclusion, international cooperation collaboration essential addressing transboundary global Regional agreements provide frameworks sharing, standardization practices, collaborative research efforts. To this end, stakeholders can leverage adopting new quality, supporting actions safeguard health, environment, sustainability

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of Pm2.5 Bound Microplastics and Plastic Additives in Several Cities in Taiwan: Spatial Distribution and Human Health Risk

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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