Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
109(38), P. 15467 - 15472
Published: Sept. 5, 2012
Geobacter
spp.
can
acquire
energy
by
coupling
intracellular
oxidation
of
organic
matter
with
extracellular
electron
transfer
to
an
anode
(an
electrode
poised
at
a
metabolically
oxidizing
potential),
forming
biofilm
extending
many
cell
lengths
away
from
the
surface.
It
has
been
proposed
that
long-range
transport
in
such
biofilms
occurs
through
network
bound
redox
cofactors,
thought
involve
matrix
c-type
cytochromes,
as
for
polymers
containing
discrete
moieties.
Here,
we
report
measurements
actively
respiring
sulfurreducens
wild
type
using
interdigitated
microelectrode
arrays.
Measurements
when
one
is
used
and
other
monitor
status
15
μm
indicate
presence
intrabiofilm
gradient,
which
concentration
electrons
residing
within
cofactor
higher
farther
The
magnitude
gradient
seems
correlate
current,
consistent
cells
anode,
where
effectively
diffuse
areas
high
low
concentration,
hopping
between
cofactors.
Comparison
gate
measurements,
source
drain,
suggests
there
are
multiple
types
cofactors
spanning
range
potential
engage
transport.
majority
these
however,
seem
have
potentials
too
negative
be
involved
acetate
source.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
5
Published: April 1, 2014
Manganese
(Mn),
an
essential
trace
element,
is
important
for
plant
health.
In
plants,
Mn
serves
as
a
cofactor
in
processes
such
photosynthesis,
lipid
biosynthesis
and
oxidative
stress.
Mn-deficient
plants
exhibit
decreased
growth
yield
are
more
susceptible
to
pathogens
damage
at
freezing
temperatures.
deficiency
most
prominent
on
alkaline
soils
with
approximately
one
third
of
the
world’s
being
too
optimal
crop
production.
Despite
importance
development,
relatively
little
known
about
how
it
traffics
between
tissues
into
out
organelles.
Several
gene
transporter
families
have
been
implicated
transport
plants.
These
include
NRAMP
(natural
resistance
associated
macrophage
protein),
YSL
(yellow
stripe-like),
ZIP
(zinc
regulated
transporter/iron-regulated
[ZRT/IRT1]-related
CAX
(cation
exchanger),
CCX
(calcium
cation
exchangers),
CDF/MTP
diffusion
facilitator/metal
tolerance
P-type
ATPases
VIT
(vacuolar
iron
transporter).
A
combination
techniques
including
mutant
analysis
Synchrotron
X-ray
Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
can
assist
identifying
transporters
Mn.
Such
knowledge
would
vastly
improve
our
understanding
homeostasis.
Energy & Environmental Science,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
5(2), P. 5790 - 5790
Published: Jan. 1, 2012
Current
outputs
of
microbial
fuel
cells
(MFCs)
are
too
low
for
most
perceived
practical
applications.
Most
efforts
further
optimization
have
focused
on
modifications
cell
architecture
or
electrode
materials,
with
little
investigation
into
the
properties
microorganisms
that
essential
maximal
current
production.
Geobacter
sulfurreducens
produces
highest
densities
any
known
pure
culture;
is
closely
related
to
species
often
predominate
in
anode
biofilms
harvesting
electricity
from
organic
wastes;
and
highly
conductive
biofilms.
Comparison
biofilm
conductivities
production
different
strains
G.
revealed
a
direct
correlation
between
conductivity
density.
Electrochemical
impedance
spectroscopy
measurements
demonstrated
higher
not
only
reduced
resistance
electron
flow
through
biofilm,
but
also
lowered
activation
energy
barrier
transfer
anode.
These
results
demonstrate
crucial
role
achieving
high
density
MFCs
suggest
increasing
can
boost
MFC
performance.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
109(38), P. 15467 - 15472
Published: Sept. 5, 2012
Geobacter
spp.
can
acquire
energy
by
coupling
intracellular
oxidation
of
organic
matter
with
extracellular
electron
transfer
to
an
anode
(an
electrode
poised
at
a
metabolically
oxidizing
potential),
forming
biofilm
extending
many
cell
lengths
away
from
the
surface.
It
has
been
proposed
that
long-range
transport
in
such
biofilms
occurs
through
network
bound
redox
cofactors,
thought
involve
matrix
c-type
cytochromes,
as
for
polymers
containing
discrete
moieties.
Here,
we
report
measurements
actively
respiring
sulfurreducens
wild
type
using
interdigitated
microelectrode
arrays.
Measurements
when
one
is
used
and
other
monitor
status
15
μm
indicate
presence
intrabiofilm
gradient,
which
concentration
electrons
residing
within
cofactor
higher
farther
The
magnitude
gradient
seems
correlate
current,
consistent
cells
anode,
where
effectively
diffuse
areas
high
low
concentration,
hopping
between
cofactors.
Comparison
gate
measurements,
source
drain,
suggests
there
are
multiple
types
cofactors
spanning
range
potential
engage
transport.
majority
these
however,
seem
have
potentials
too
negative
be
involved
acetate
source.
