Fungal evolution: major ecological adaptations and evolutionary transitions

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 94(4), P. 1443 - 1476

Published: April 25, 2019

ABSTRACT Fungi are a highly diverse group of heterotrophic eukaryotes characterized by the absence phagotrophy and presence chitinous cell wall. While unicellular fungi far from rare, part evolutionary success resides in their ability to grow indefinitely as cylindrical multinucleated (hypha). Armed with these morphological traits an extremely high metabolical diversity, have conquered numerous ecological niches shaped whole world interactions other living organisms. Herein we survey main processes that guided fungal diversity. We will first review ecology evolution zoosporic lineages process terrestrialization, one major transitions this kingdom. Several plausible scenarios been proposed for terrestralization here propose new scenario, which considers icy environments transitory niche between water emerged land. then focus on exploring relationships organisms (other fungi, protozoans, animals plants), well origin adaptations certain specialized within (lichens, black yeasts). Throughout use comparative‐genomics perspective understand Finally, highlight importance genome‐enabled inferences envision narratives important transitions.

Language: Английский

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The numbers of fungi: is the descriptive curve flattening?

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 103(1), P. 219 - 271

Published: July 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Insect-fungal-interactions: A detailed review on entomopathogenic fungi pathogenicity to combat insect pests

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 105122 - 105122

Published: Aug. 3, 2021

Language: Английский

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Metarhizium: jack of all trades, master of many

Open Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(12)

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

The genus

Language: Английский

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A life-and-death struggle: interaction of insects with entomopathogenic fungi across various infection stages

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Insects constitute approximately 75% of the world’s recognized fauna, with majority species considered as pests. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are parasitic microorganisms capable efficiently infecting insects, rendering them potent biopesticides. In response to infections, insects have evolved diverse defense mechanisms, prompting EPF develop a variety strategies overcome or circumvent host defenses. While interaction mechanisms between and is well established, recent findings underscore that their interplay more intricate than previously thought, especially evident across different stages infection. This review primarily focuses on insect strategies, centered around three infection stages: (1) Early stage: involving pre-contact detection avoidance behavior in along induction behavioral responses upon contact cuticle; (2) Penetration intra-hemolymph growth initiation cellular humoral immune functions while symbiotic microbes can further contribute resistance; (3) Host insect’s death ultimate confrontation pathogens insects. Infected strive separate themselves from healthy population, rely infected spread new hosts. Also, we discuss novel pest management strategy underlying cooperation disturbing system. By enhancing our understanding insect, this provides perspectives for EPF-mediated developing effective fungal insecticides.

Language: Английский

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A review of entomopathogenic fungi as a potential tool for mosquito vector control: A cost‐effective and environmentally friendly approach

Entomological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 54(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Mosquitoes around the world spread diseases like malaria, dengue, zika, lymphatic filariasis and arboviruses, which are dangerous to human health economy. Eventually, mosquitoes develop resistance synthetic chemical insecticides and, moreover, these have adverse environmental impacts, accumulating in soils food chain. So, researchers searching for better vector control tools from biological sources such as plants, bacteria, fungi, viruses other predators. Eco‐friendly methods that use entomopathogenic fungi reduce vector‐borne disease burdens becoming more popular because they selective safe environment. Based on existing literature, several microbial agents show potential biocontrol of mosquitoes. With advances genetic recombination transformation techniques, ongoing battle against insecticide‐resistant mosquitoes, genetically engineered fungal biopesticides represent a cutting‐edge solution. These result novel changes improve ability target kill can effectively combat mosquito populations by introducing genes produce insecticidal proteins or toxins. This method has advantages, including lower impact, highly specific harmless non‐target organisms. It also helps problem insecticide unique mode action. hold great promise reducing mosquito‐borne while minimizing damage combating resistance. review article discusses various pathogens act their action We discus recent fungi‐secreted effector molecules suppressing host immunity progress development transgenic mosquito‐killing fungi.

Language: Английский

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Interaction of entomopathogenic fungi with the host immune system

Developmental & Comparative Immunology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 83, P. 96 - 103

Published: Feb. 3, 2018

Language: Английский

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Is the Insect Cuticle the only Entry Gate for Fungal Infection? Insights into Alternative Modes of Action of Entomopathogenic Fungi

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 33 - 33

Published: April 16, 2019

Entomopathogenic fungi are the only insect pathogens able to infect their host by adhesion surface and penetration through cuticle. Although possibility of fungal infection per os was described almost a century ago, there is an information gap several decades regarding this topic, which poorly explored due continuous elucidation cuticular processes that lead death mycosis. Recently, with advent next-generation sequencing technologies, genomes main entomopathogenic became available, many genes potentially useful for oral were described. Among Hypocreales have been sequenced, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin (Cordycipitaceae) candidate explore pathway since it has major number shared other non-fungal orally, such as Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaceae). This finding gives B. potential advantage over fungi: both routes, cuticular. In review, we all known entry gates fungi, emphasis on os. We also set out process in more integral approach, need exploit its full control, considering virulence factors conditions needed improve against might offer some resistance common

Language: Английский

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Genetically engineering better fungal biopesticides

Pest Management Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 74(4), P. 781 - 789

Published: Sept. 14, 2017

Microbial insect pathogens offer an alternative means of pest control with the potential to wean us off our heavy reliance on chemical pesticides. Insect pathogenic fungi play important natural role in controlling disease vectors and agricultural pests. Most commercial products employ Ascomycetes genera Metarhizium Beauveria. However, their utilization has been limited by inconsistent field results as a consequence sensitivity abiotic stresses naturally low virulence. Other occurring biocontrol agents also face these hurdles successful application, but availability complete genomes recombinant DNA technologies have facilitated design multiple fungal enhanced virulence stress resistance. Many synthetic genes inserted into entomopathogen genomes. Some biggest gains obtained using encoding neurotoxic peptides, peptides that manipulate host physiology proteases chitinases degrade cuticle. Prokaryotes, particularly extremophiles, are useful sources for improving resistance ultraviolet (UV) radiation. These biological insecticides environmentally friendly cost-effective options. © 2017 Society Chemical Industry.

Language: Английский

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Re‐evaluation of insect melanogenesis research: Views from the dark side

Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 30(4), P. 386 - 401

Published: April 5, 2017

Melanins (eumelanin and pheomelanin) are synthesized in insects for several purposes including cuticle sclerotization color patterning, clot formation, organogenesis, innate immunity. Traditional views of insect immunity detail the storage pro-phenoloxidases inside specialized blood cells (hemocytes) their release upon recognition foreign bodies. Activated phenoloxidases convert monophenols into reactive quinones a two-step enzymatic reaction, until recently, mechanism tyrosine hydroxylation remained mystery. Herein, we present our interpretations these enzyme-substrate complexes. The resultant melanins deposited onto surface microbes to immobilize, agglutinate, suffocate them. Phenoloxidase activity melanin production not limited (hemolymph) or cuticle, as recent evidence points more diverse, sophisticated interactions gut with resident symbionts. This review offers insight somewhat neglected areas melanogenesis research, particularly immunity, its role beneficial such pollinators, functional versatility phenoloxidases, limitations common experimental approaches that may impede progress inadvertently.

Language: Английский

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