Beyond schistosomiasis: unraveling co-infections and altered immunity

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(1)

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the helminth

Language: Английский

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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Surveillance of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil: An Ecological Study

Infectious Disease Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 116 - 127

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

The aim of the study was to assess impact COVID-19 pandemic on notification new VL cases in Brazil 2020. It is an ecological and time-series (2015–2020) with spatial analysis techniques, whose units were 5570 Brazilian municipalities. population consisted all recorded between 2015 P-score calculated estimate percentage variation cases. Global local univariate Moran’s Indices retrospective space–time scan statistics used analyses, respectively. expected that there would be 3627 2020, but 1932 reported (−46.73%). All regions presented a negative registration cases, Southeast (−54.70%), North (−49.97%), Northeast (−44.22%) standing out. There dependence disease nationwide both periods, before during first year pandemic. significant reduction incidence These findings reinforce need for better preparedness health system, especially situations epidemics.

Language: Английский

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Spacetime modeling of mortality by infectious and parasitic diseases in Brazil: a 20-year ecological and population-based study

Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Background: Infectious and parasitic diseases (IPDs) encompass a broad range of illnesses predominantly associated with poverty. They are more prevalent in low- middle-income countries, including Brazil, where they continue to be among the leading causes mortality. Objective: This study aims analyze spatiotemporal dynamics mortality due IPDs Brazil from 2000 2019. Methods: We conducted an ecological using data on by Brazilian Mortality Information System. applied segmented log-linear regression model assess temporal trends. For spatial analysis, we used local empirical Bayesian estimator Moran indices. Retrospective scan statistics were performed Poisson Probability Distribution Model. Results: Between 2019, there 2,155,513 deaths related Brazil. The death included acute respiratory infections ( n = 1,130,069; 52.49%), septicemia 289,817; 13.46%), human immunodeficiency virus/acquired syndrome 232,892; 10.82%), tuberculosis 104,121; 4.84%), neglected tropical such as Chagas disease 94,788; 4.40%) schistosomiasis 10,272; 0.48%). An increasing trend rate was observed across all its regions. Additionally, our identified high-risk clusters Southeast Northeast Conclusion: remains significant public health concern Our findings underscore urgent need for comprehensive intersectoral policies. These policies should focus greater allocation resources investments most critical areas, aiming significantly reduce number deaths, particularly vulnerable

Language: Английский

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Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic in the Surveillance and Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases and Malaria: A Systematic Review

Current Tropical Medicine Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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An interrupted time series study of the leprosy case detection in Brazil after the COVID-19 pandemic

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 21, 2025

COVID-19 pandemics affected several health systems processes, including leprosy care. This study aimed to estimate the impact of pandemic on case detection rate in Brazil from 2017 2022. Data was retrieved Sinan, a Brazilian notification system, and monthly overall population individuals under 15 years age were main outcomes. The series interrupted February 2020, when public emergency declared Brazil. data analysed via Prais–Winsten regression. Over 72 months analysed, led an immediate 0.55 reduction (95% CI 0.48–0.62) rate, with subsequent increase 1.01 1.00–1.02). For age, caused 0.48 0.40–0.57), followed by 1.01–1.02) after onset pandemic. Subnational analysis revealed that most federative units trend for but high heterogeneity observed regarding age. Therefore, it is urgent target strategies minimize delayed diagnosis long-term consequences leprosy.

Language: Английский

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Co‐endemicity of schistosomiasis and tegumentary leishmaniasis: Spatial co‐clustering in endemic areas

Tropical Medicine & International Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 27, 2025

Abstract Objectives Schistosomiasis and tegumentary leishmaniasis simultaneously affect areas in tropical subtropical regions. Co‐infected individuals show a less‐than‐optimal response to treatment increased regulatory immune responses. However, no study has determined where Schistosoma – Leishmania co‐infections are more likely occur. Methods Data from The Global Health Observatory were collected determine the worldwide endemicity status of schistosomiasis 2023. To co‐endemic at local level, an ecological was conducted on confirmed cases American State Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2013 2017. Local Indicators Spatial Association analyses used search for hotspots. Results Thirty‐one countries considered co‐endemic, 23 which presented active transmission both diseases. Univariate indicated 13 municipalities as high–high clusters Gerais. Furthermore, bivariate identified 61 clusters, grouped seven Conclusion useful tool identifying co‐infection Similar will assist authorities healthcare providers when formulating policies treating co‐infected patients provide valuable data enable researchers explore impact this other co‐infections.

Language: Английский

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Reduced HIV/AIDS diagnosis rates and increased AIDS mortality due to late diagnosis in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Dec. 27, 2023

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected global health, leading to the suspension of numerous routine healthcare services and posing challenges in efforts control other diseases, such as HIV/AIDS. This study aimed assess impact on HIV/AIDS diagnoses mortality rates Brazil during 2020 2021. percentage change was calculated determine whether there an increase or decrease mortality, considering average numbers from last 5 years. Additionally, a Joinpoint regression model interrupted time series analysis were applied trends before after onset pandemic. Lastly, choropleth maps prepared. We observed reduction 22.4% (2020) 9.8% (2021) diagnosis Brazil. Conversely, significant late AIDS deaths (6.9%) 2021 (13.9%), with some states showing over 87%. Decreasing identified Brazil, especially Southeast South regions, then stabilized including Along dissemination COVID-19, deaths, signaling serious strategies Therefore, we highlight need for continuous both that is, maintaining regular health even crisis situations.

Language: Английский

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The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the activities of the Schistosomiasis Control Program in Brazil: is the goal of controlling the disease by 2030 at risk?

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 15, 2024

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis continues to represent a serious public health problem in Brazil. With the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several control strategies were suspended, probably compromising goals of eradicating country. We aimed assess impact COVID-19 pandemic on Control Program (PCE) actions all endemic states Methods performed an ecological study using spatial analysis techniques. The PCE variables assessed population surveyed, number Kato–Katz tests, positive cases schistosomiasis and percentage treated between 2015 2021. percent change was calculated verify if there increase or decrease 2020 2021, along with time trend analyses provided by Joinpoint model. Spatial distribution maps elaborated considering change. Results surveyed decreased (−65.38%) 2021 (−37.94%) across There proportional reduction tests (2020, −67.48%; −40.52%), −71.16%; −40.5%) −72.09%; −41.67%). Time showed decreasing most variables. Conclusions activities impacted Brazil must be urgently reviewed, focusing investments areas.

Language: Английский

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Challenges to Schistosomiasis Control Program in Brazil: setbacks in the control program and critical analysis of the disease notification

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 57

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Background: In 1970, Brazil implemented the Schistosomiasis Control Program (PCE, Portuguese acronym for Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose) was in Brazil, where, through successive treatment interventions, epidemiology and transmission of schistosomiasis have changed significantly over time. This study aimed to evaluate PCE's effectiveness by critically analyzing disease notification system. Methods: An ecological conducted using data on reported cases between 2007 2020. Results: The highest number municipalities actively participating PCE 750, recorded 2007. Conversely, participation reached its lowest point 2020, with only 259 involved. Over past decade, there has been a drastic decline active control programs. During same period, an observed increase deaths caused schistosomiasis, while decreased. suggests inverse correlation. Conclusions: present suggest that are not correctly diagnosed or reported, reflecting twisted image magnitude this public health problem Brazil.

Language: Английский

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Schistosoma and Leishmania: An Untold Story of Coinfection

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(8), P. 383 - 383

Published: July 27, 2023

A remarkable characteristic of infectious diseases classified as Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) is the fact that they are mostly transmitted in tropical and subtropical regions with poor conditions sanitation low access to healthcare, which makes transmission areas more likely overlap. Two most important NTDs, schistosomiasis leishmaniasis, despite being caused by very different etiological agents, have their pathogenesis heavily associated immune-mediated mechanisms, Schistosoma spp. Leishmania been shown simultaneously infect humans. Still, consequences Schistosoma–Leishmania coinfections remain underexplored. As inflammatory processes elicited each one these parasites can influence other, several changes observed due this coinfection naturally infected humans, experimental models, vitro cell assays, including modifications susceptibility infection, pathogenesis, prognostic, response treatment. Herein, we review current knowledge both human populations special regard how affects tegumentary discuss future perspectives, suggest a few steps further improve our understanding model parasite–host–parasite interaction.

Language: Английский

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