Exposure to vaping and smoking prohibitions and nicotine and cannabis vaping in a California-based sample of young adults: An ecological momentary assessment study

Addictive Behaviors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108357 - 108357

Published: April 1, 2025

Localities have extended smoke-free policies to prohibit use of combustible and vaping products for nicotine/tobacco cannabis (THC), but little is known about how this affects behavior. We used Ecological Momentary Assessment examine perceived exposure smoking- vaping-specific prohibitions nicotine THC vaping. Young adults (n = 178; age 25; 55 % male; 47 Hispanic, 21 Asian, White) in California who endorsed past-month and/or were recruited from an existing longitudinal study. In 2023, individuals completed up five brief surveys each day over days assess behavior momentary context (e.g., vaping/smoking prohibitions) non-use (random prompt) events. Multilevel generalized linear mixed models assessed associations between likelihood or (vs. events). showed reduced (aOR 0.60, 95 CI 0.42 - 0.85; p 0.004) 0.48, 0.33 0.69; < 0.0001) settings where smoking prohibited compared which allowed. Exposure only was (vaping allowed) associated with increased 2.13, 1.34 3.39; 0.002), unrelated 0.87, 0.53 1.44; 0.59). Efforts increase young people's awareness compliance may help reduce both real-world settings.

Language: Английский

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Routes of Marijuana Use — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 22 U.S. States and Two Territories, 2022

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 74(12), P. 198 - 204

Published: April 10, 2025

Access to and use of cannabis in the United States has increased as new product types emerge marketplace, additional states legalize its for medical nonmedical purposes. To tailor education messages preventing adverse health effects use, understanding routes these products general population is important. The 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System included a newly revised optional marijuana module comprising questions on among adults aged ≥18 years who used during past 30 days (current use). Twenty-two two territories administered 2022. Weighted prevalences (with 95% CIs) current daily or near-daily well prevalence each route were reported overall by demographic characteristics and, women ≤49 years, pregnancy status. Among 15.3% respondents smoking was most frequent (79.4%), followed eating (41.6%), vaping (30.3%), dabbing (inhaling heated concentrated cannabis) (14.6%). Vaping prevalent persons 18-24 years. Intervention measures intended smoke are important; however, outcomes associated with other might have substantial public benefit.

Language: Английский

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Legalizing Youth-Friendly Cannabis Edibles and Extracts and Adolescent Cannabis Use

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. e255819 - e255819

Published: April 18, 2025

Importance A year after dried cannabis was legalized across Canada in October 2018, Canadian provinces except Quebec sales of edibles and extracts, including youth-friendly such as chocolates, candies, desserts vaping products. Little is known about the association this legalization with adolescent use. Objective To investigate changes use harm perceptions associated extracts Canada. Design, Setting, Participants This serial cross-sectional study analyzed data from students grades 7 to 11 who participated nationally representative Student Tobacco Alcohol Drugs Surveys 2018 2019 2021 2022. differences-in-differences design compared outcomes that where products were banned. Data June 2024 January 2025. Exposure Legalization (except Quebec) 2019. Main Outcomes Measures The primary past 12 months, 12-month edible use, smoking, vaping, co-use alcohol cannabis. Secondary perception occasional regular Results In sample 106 032 (54 441 male [weighted percentage, 51.3%]), between 2022, increased 14.6% (6081 41 477 students) 15.9% (6163 38 675 7.9% (3268 373 9.5% (3678 556 extracts. Meanwhile, declined 17.4% (2264 13 030 15.6% (1960 550 7.3% (955 002 5.9% (739 533 Quebec. Regression analyses indicated a 3.8 percentage point (95% CI, 1.1 6.6 points; P = .01) or 26% increase 3.4 1.9 4.9 .001) 43% among adolescents. While there no statistically significant change legalization, smoking by 4.4 points 1.8 7.0 .004) 34% 2.4 0.5 4.3 .02) 28%. also lower Conclusions Relevance adolescents 11, an not only but overall prevalence cannabis, highlighting need for stricter policy measures curb adolescents’ access greater awareness harms

Language: Английский

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A novel online vaping intervention and smoking prevention program for young adults who vape: protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: April 21, 2025

Abstract Background E-cigarette use (i.e., vaping) is prevalent among young adults in the U.S. Studies show that who vape are more likely to initiate cigarette smoking than do not vape. Despite this, little research on vaping interventions and prevention of for exist. Methods A 2-arm pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted by recruiting ages 18–24 reported at least once per week past 30 days having never smoked cigarettes baseline. Participants recruited via social media ads randomly assigned an intervention arm, which Live Free From E-cigarettes (LIFFE) mobile-based program ( n = 50), or a waitlist control arm 50). The primary outcomes biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence nicotine vaping, reduction, susceptibility. Outcomes measured 2-, 4-, 8-weeks after randomization. Discussion This first RCT evaluate effectiveness targets susceptibility while also supporting cessation reduction adults. Findings may inform future efforts prevent transition Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06129123; Date registration: 11/10/2023.

Language: Английский

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Disparities in use modalities among adults who currently use cannabis, 2022–2023

Journal of Cannabis Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: May 16, 2025

Following the legalization of cannabis in several U.S. states, market has expanded, leading to a wider range products including smoked, edible, and vape which have variable health effects. This proliferation highlights need for more research on patterns current use among adults. We used combined data adults who currently (i.e., past 30-day use) (n = 16,999) from 2022 2023 National Survey Drug Use Health. analyzed whether seven modalities smoking, vaping, dabbing, consuming edibles, taking pills, applying topicals, absorbing sublingually/orally varied by age, sex, race ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, income, geographic location, state medical laws status generating weighted proportion estimates conducting multivariable logistic regression. Additionally, subanalysis, we examined differences blunt reported 12,355), employing similar methods explore associations with demographic socioeconomic factors. Among cannabis, smoking was most common method (77.33%), followed edibles (37.31%), vaping (34.75%), dabbing (15.01%), topicals (5.93%), (4.53%), pills (2.11%). Edibles were popular aged 35-49 years (29.57%), whereas young 18-25 (29.80%). Females (vs. males) had lower odds (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.57-0.75) higher 2.92; 2.23-3.83). Non-Hispanic Black non-Hispanic White) respondents 2.03; 1.51-2.74) 0.66; 0.56-0.77). Adults 50 + 18-25) greater 2.45; 1.59-3.76). In found that 5.31; 4.23-6.65). modality disparities highlight tailored public education interventions, given distinct risks associated each use.

Language: Английский

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Associations of Local Cannabis Policy and Retail Availability in Northern California with Adverse Adolescent Mental Health Outcomes

Substance Use & Misuse, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 6

Published: May 16, 2025

Local policies prohibiting cannabis sales and lower retail availability are associated with a prevalence of adolescent use. In this study, we examined whether local prohibitions on retailer proximity density adverse cannabis-related mental health outcomes among adolescents. Cross-sectional study 95,645 Northern California adolescents aged 13-17 who completed well-check questionnaire in 2021 during standard pediatric care. Exposures included bans storefront delivery retailers, relation to adolescents' geocoded residences. Past-year psychotic, depressive, anxiety disorders were identified using ICD codes; self-reported depression symptoms came from the questionnaire. Relative jurisdictions allowing retail, those only (aPR = 0.52; 95%CI: 0.32-0.85), or both 0.67; 0.48-0.92) had psychotic disorders. Greater (≥6 vs. 0 retailers within 15-min drive) was greater 1.11; 1.04-1.19), depressive 1.10; 1.02-1.19) 1.08; 1.01-1.15). Having ≥20-min (vs. <5-min) drive nearest 0.53; 0.33-0.86), 0.89; 0.82-0.97), 0.81-0.98) 0.91; 0.84-0.99). near residences anxiety, disorders, symptoms. Policies limiting may help reduce harms merit further assessment.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis research in context: The case for measuring and embracing regional similarities and differences

Addiction, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 119(9), P. 1502 - 1504

Published: March 7, 2024

Considerable differences in the types of cannabis products, methods use, social norms and cultures legal climates surrounding use exist among regions, resulting distinct contexts. Research examining accounting for these contextual is crucial to further understanding disorder, developing refining context sensitive strategies prevention, treatment harm reduction. The past two decades have seen increased legalization recreational across globe, prevalence emerging evidence cannabis-related harms [1]. We argue that precisely how impacts people who cannabis, as well likely why, may vary substantially depending upon variation legislation, promotion, acceptability around use. These factors create unique regionally specific 'cannabis contexts'. Although broader cross-cultural considerations apply all addictions we believe they are particularly important given global changes towards more lenient policies. aim increase awareness stimulate research debate regarding contexts shape processes underlying disorder (CUD) associated outcomes. percentage Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) products has been increasing internationally [1], but there substantial markets type product Use higher-potency appears risen United States be common states legalized [2]. temporal regional health implications [3]. Further individual cannabinoid exposure, new THC rising popularity US market, with one six users reporting Δ8-THC [4]. produces fewer psychoactive effects than Δ9-THC, preferred those seeking medicinal benefit, indicating a potential difference attitudes Common routes administration (ROA) also differ throughout regions impact bioavailability cannabinoids. Cannabis combustion results faster onset action higher blood levels relative oral ingestion [5]. While smoking still most prevalent ROA Canada, edible [6] smoked flower combined tobacco European countries [7]. Nicotine cannabinoids compensatory synergistic neurobiological [8], nicotine–cannabis co-users severe CUD prognoses [9]. variations result differential frequent on other physical, cognitive mental policies, perceived it, influence trajectories probably contribute CUD. More permissive community heightened [10]. interplay policies feed into interact perceptions one's own producing different outcomes In States, availability declining parallel rates [11]. Despite such increases self-reported [12]. Some that, rather reflecting legitimate decline CUD, this seemingly contradictory pattern reflect reduced treatment-seeking some (e.g. [13]). tentatively agree: per se, concomitant drug then acquired, can alter drug's safety, turn potentially changing consequences [14]. Such forms messaging cannabis—for example, presence signs promoting benefits dispensaries California [15]. emergence evidence-based purported therapeutic appeal bring while already cannabis. contrast Canadian reported risk post-legalization [16], preliminary data from emergency psychiatric units indicate [17]. entry Europe [18]. short, local social, regulatory societal milieu which consumed exceedingly complex. There reasons affect initiates it affects them whether perceive effects. Greater attention improve our If experiences are—as suggest—potentially so variable, proceed investigating cannabis? One approach sample niche populations homogeneous, cannabis-only users, will ignore reality It complex picture need understand provide nuanced guidelines safer patterns generalize wider population Instead, researchers should embrace heterogeneity study context. To achieve this, recommend following; first, urge report standardized fashion. iCannToolkit [19] framework facilitating integration characterization context-specific proposes time-line follow-back (TLFB) methodology (in combination 5-mg unit ROA) an extensive self-report quantification method. Self-reports quick reliable proxy exposure [20]. Secondly, when testing time allows risks motives versus medicinal) relevant incorporate. When samples large enough, exploratory analyses assess Beyond studying valuable public regions—including often under-represented minority groups—over time. Finally, strongly studies incorporate explicit context' statements, including elements described Box 1. statements brief overview typical was conducted help characterize studies, improving synthesis. Over time, information contained even used meta-analytically explain findings regions. Location Year policy (i.e. status and/or commercial non-commercial) Description retail market (if applicable) method Average content available) Regional Janna Cousijn: Conceptualization (equal); funding acquisition supervision (lead); writing—original draft (supporting); writing—review editing (lead). Lauren Kuhns: (equal). Francesca Filbey: (supporting). Tom P. Freeman: Emese Kroon: This supported by grant 1R01 DA042490-01A1 awarded Cousijn Filbey National Institute Drug Abuse/National Health. All authors no conflicts interest declare.

Language: Английский

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Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of multi-modal cannabis use among young adults who currently use cannabis

Preventive Medicine Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 102775 - 102775

Published: May 25, 2024

Cannabis use is common in young adulthood, yet little known about the prevalence and patterns of multi-modal (i.e., more than one mode) cannabis use.

Language: Английский

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Changes in modes of cannabis consumption pre- and post-legalization and their correlates among adults in Ontario, Canada: 2017–2022

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 50(4), P. 557 - 565

Published: July 3, 2024

Despite an increase in the varieties of cannabis products available for consumption, limited evidence is about patterns consumption methods before and after legalization.

Language: Английский

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Disparities in use modalities among adults who currently use cannabis, 2022-2023

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2025

Purpose: Following the legalization of cannabis in several U.S. states, market has expanded, leading to a wider range products including smoked, edible, and vape which have variable health effects. This proliferation highlights need for more research on patterns current use among adults. Methods: We used combined data adults who currently (i.e., past 30-day use) (n=16,999) from 2022 2023 National Survey Drug Use Health. analyzed whether seven modalities smoking, vaping, dabbing, consuming edibles, taking pills, applying topicals, absorbing sublingually/orally varied by age, sex, race ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, income, geographic location, state medical laws status generating weighted proportion estimates conducting multivariable logistic regression. Additionally, subanalysis, we examined differences blunt reported (n=12,355), employing similar methods explore associations with demographic socioeconomic factors. Results: Among cannabis, smoking was most common method (77.33%), followed edibles (37.31%), vaping (34.75%), dabbing (15.01%), topicals (5.93%), (4.53%), pills (2.11%). Edibles were popular aged 35-49 years (29.57%), whereas young 18-25 (29.80%). Females (vs. males) had lower odds (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.57-0.75) higher 2.92; 2.23-3.83). Non-Hispanic Black non-Hispanic White) respondents 2.03; 1.51-2.74) 0.66; 0.56-0.77). Adults 50+ 18-25) greater 2.45; 1.59-3.76). In found that 5.31; 4.23-6.65). Conclusions: modality disparities highlight tailored public education interventions, given distinct risks associated each use.

Language: Английский

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