Alcohol, HMGB1, and Innate Immune Signaling in the Brain

Alcohol research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Binge drinking (i.e., consuming enough alcohol to achieve a blood ethanol concentration of 80 mg/dL, approximately 4-5 drinks within 2 hours), particularly in early adolescence, can promote progressive increases and alcohol-related problems that develop into compulsive use the chronic relapsing disease, disorder (AUD). Over past decade, neuroimmune signaling has been discovered contribute alcohol-induced changes drinking, mood, neurodegeneration. This review presents mechanistic hypothesis supporting high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) Toll-like receptor (TLR) as key elements across glia neurons, which shifts gene transcription synapses, altering neuronal networks development AUD. may help guide further research on prevention treatment.

Language: Английский

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Preparation, Structural Identification, and Screening of Egg-Derived Peptides with Facilitating Alcohol Metabolism Activity

Foods, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 745 - 745

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

The aim of this study was to obtain egg-derived peptides with facilitating alcohol metabolism (EPs) by enzymolysis, identify their structures, and screen small polypeptides higher activity molecular docking. optimum conditions for preparing EPs were obtained a single factor experiment, adding 2% Protamex performing enzymolysis 3 h liquid–material ratio 35:1. dose–response relationship experiment showed that 800 mg/kg·bw played better role in metabolism. contained 40% hydrophobic amino acids (HAA), including 9.24% Leu. Eighty-four identified HPLC-MS/MS four potential activation dehydrogenase further selected tetrapeptide Trp-Ile-Val-Asp (WIVD) the highest binding energy reached −7.16 kcal/mol. These findings suggest egg is good source preparation activity.

Language: Английский

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Optogenetic fMRI reveals therapeutic circuits of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation

Brain stimulation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 947 - 957

Published: July 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Optogenetic fMRI reveals therapeutic circuits of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Summary While deep brain stimulation (DBS) is widely employed for managing motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), its exact circuit mechanisms remain controversial. To identify the neural targets affected by therapeutic DBS PD, we analyzed DBS-evoked whole activity female hemi-parkinsonian rats using function magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We delivered subthalamic nucleus (STN) at various pulse repetition rates optogenetics, allowing unbiased examinations of cell-type specific STN feed-forward activity. Unilateral optogenetic elicited rate-dependent alterations blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals SNr (substantia nigra pars reticulata), GP (globus pallidus), and CPu (caudate putamen). Notably, these manipulations effectively ameliorated pathological circling behavior animals expressing kinetically faster Chronos opsin, but not ChR2. Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that behavioral rescue was significantly mediated optogenetically induced changes CPu, SNr. This suggests activation are critically involved DBS.

Language: Английский

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Patterns of neuronal activation following ethanol-induced social facilitation and social inhibition in adolescent cFos-LacZ male and female rats

Behavioural Brain Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 471, P. 115118 - 115118

Published: June 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Neuromodulation in Small Animal fMRI

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 15, 2024

The integration of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with advanced neuroscience technologies in experimental small animal models offers a unique path to interrogate the causal relationships between regional brain activity and brain‐wide network measures—a goal challenging accomplish human subjects. This review traces historical development neuromodulation techniques commonly used rodents, such as electrical deep stimulation, optogenetics, chemogenetics, focuses on their application fMRI. We discuss advantageousness roles uncovering signaling architecture within methodological considerations necessary when conducting these experiments. By presenting several rodent‐based case studies, we aim demonstrate potential multimodal approach shedding light neurovascular coupling, neural basis functions, connections behaviors. Key findings highlight cell‐type circuit‐specific modulation patterns behavioral correlates. also future directions feature use mediation moderation analytical beyond intuitive evoked response mapping, better leverage rich information available fMRI data neuromodulation. Using alongside provide insights into mesoscopic (relating intermediate scale single neurons large‐scale networks) macroscopic measures that correlate specific neuronal events. bridges gap different scales research, facilitating exploration testing novel therapeutic strategies aimed at altering network‐mediated In conclusion, combination provides crucial dynamics, advancing our understanding function health disease. Evidence Level 1 Technical Efficacy Stage

Language: Английский

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Emerging tools to study the brain in addiction neuroscience

Addiction Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9, P. 100136 - 100136

Published: Nov. 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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