Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(3), P. 269 - 269
Published: March 16, 2020
The
treatment
of
the
posterior-segment
ocular
diseases,
such
as
age-related
eye
diseases
(AMD)
or
diabetic
retinopathy
(DR),
present
a
challenge
for
ophthalmologists
due
to
complex
anatomy
and
physiology
eye.
This
specialized
organ
is
composed
various
static
dynamic
barriers
that
restrict
drug
delivery
into
target
site
action.
Despite
numerous
efforts,
effective
intraocular
remains
unresolved
and,
therefore,
it
highly
desirable
improve
current
treatments
affecting
posterior
cavity.
review
article
gives
an
overview
pharmacokinetic
biopharmaceutics
aspects
most
commonly-used
administration
routes
(intravitreal,
topical,
systemic,
periocular),
including
information
absorption,
distribution,
elimination,
well
benefits
limitations
each
one.
also
encompasses
different
conventional
novel
systems
designed
developed
pharmacokinetics
intended
segment
treatment.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(20), P. 15352 - 15352
Published: Oct. 19, 2023
Ocular
diseases
profoundly
impact
patients’
vision
and
overall
quality
of
life
globally.
However,
effective
ocular
drug
delivery
presents
formidable
challenges
within
clinical
pharmacology
biomaterial
science,
primarily
due
to
the
intricate
anatomical
physiological
barriers
unique
eye.
In
this
comprehensive
review,
we
aim
shed
light
on
features
eye,
emphasizing
natural
it
administration.
Our
goal
is
provide
a
thorough
overview
various
characteristics
inherent
each
nano-based
system.
These
encompass
nanomicelles,
nanoparticles,
nanosuspensions,
nanoemulsions,
microemulsions,
nanofibers,
dendrimers,
liposomes,
niosomes,
nanowafers,
contact
lenses,
hydrogels,
microneedles,
innovative
gene
therapy
approaches
employing
techniques.
We
delve
into
biology
methodology
these
systems,
introducing
their
applications
over
past
decade.
Furthermore,
discuss
advantages
illuminated
by
recent
studies.
While
systems
for
ophthalmic
formulations
are
gaining
increasing
attention,
further
research
imperative
address
potential
safety
toxicity
concerns.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 14, 2025
Retinal
diseases
can
severely
impair
vision
and
even
lead
to
blindness,
posing
significant
threats
both
physical
mental
health.
Physical
retinal
regenerative
therapies
are
poised
revolutionize
the
treatment
of
various
disorders
associated
with
blindness.
However,
these
must
overcome
challenges
posed
by
protective
inner
outer
blood‒retinal
barriers.
Nanotechnology
applications
in
ophthalmology
have
shown
great
potential
addressing
issue
drug
delivery
eye.
Moreover,
nanotechnology-based
therapeutics
profound
clinical
impacts
on
retinopathy,
particularly
regeneration,
thereby
improving
patient
outcomes.
Continuous
advancements
nanotechnology
being
applied
regenerate
lost
or
damaged
eye
tissues
treat
loss
blindness
caused
degenerative
diseases.
These
approaches
be
categorized
into
three
main
strategies:
i)
nanoparticles
for
delivering
drugs,
genes,
other
essential
substances;
ii)
nanoscaffolds
providing
biocompatible
support;
iii)
nanocomposites
enhancing
functionality
primary
stem
cells.
The
aim
this
comprehensive
review
is
present
current
understanding
a
focus
perspective
functions
nanomaterials.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
12(1), P. 22 - 22
Published: Dec. 24, 2019
Polysaccharides,
such
as
cellulose,
hyaluronic
acid,
alginic
and
chitosan,
well
polysaccharide
derivatives,
have
been
successfully
used
to
augment
drug
delivery
in
the
treatment
of
ocular
pathologies.
The
properties
polysaccharides
can
be
extensively
modified
optimize
formulations
obtain
biocompatible
biodegradable
drugs
with
improved
bioavailability
tailored
pharmacological
effects.
This
review
discusses
available
choices
for
overcoming
difficulties
associated
delivery,
it
explores
reasons
dependence
between
physicochemical
polysaccharide-based
carriers
their
efficiency
different
applications.
Polysaccharides
will
continue
great
interest
researchers
endeavoring
develop
ophthalmic
effectiveness
safety.
Biomacromolecules,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
22(1), P. 126 - 133
Published: June 8, 2020
Nanoparticle
morphology
(size,
shape,
and
composition)
surface
chemistry
are
the
determining
factors
underpinning
efficacy
of
such
materials
in
therapeutic
applications.
The
size,
a
nanoparticle
can
strongly
influence
key
properties
as
interactions
with
diverse
biological
fluids
interfaces
and,
turn,
impact
delivery
bioactive
cargo,
modulating
performance.
This
is
exemplified
ocular
drug
delivery,
where
potential
therapeutics
must
navigate
complex
media
gel-like
vitreal
fluid
retina.
Biodegradable
block
copolymer
amphiphiles
robust
tool
for
engineering
various
types
self-assembled
nanoparticles
morphologies
ranging
from
spherical
tubular
polymersomes
to
worm-like
micelles.
Here,
we
explore
effect
morphological
features
shape
upon
series
retinal
(ARPE-19)
cells
release
low
solubility
(dexamethasone)
that
currently
used
therapy
study
their
diffusion
vitreous
using
ex
vivo
eyes.
We
demonstrate
both
aspect
ratio
will
performance
terms
cell
uptake,
release,
high
shapes
demonstrating
enhanced
relation
counterparts.
Journal of Controlled Release,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
328, P. 952 - 961
Published: Oct. 19, 2020
Drug
delivery
to
the
posterior
segment
of
eye
is
challenging
due
several
anatomical
and
physiological
barriers.
Thus,
there
a
need
for
prolonged
action
targeted
drug
treat
retinal
diseases.
Intravitreal
injections
avoid
anterior
barriers,
but
vitreoretinal
interface
inner
limiting
membrane
(ILM)
may
prevent
access
systems
retina.
Existing
data
on
permeation
intravitreal
nanoparticles
are
sparse
probably
misleading
inter-species
differences
structures
in
rodents
humans.
To
bridge
this
gap,
light-activated
liposomes
was
studied
an
ex
vivo
bovine
explant
system
that
simulates
structure
intact
ILM.
Our
findings
indicate
particle
size
plays
significant
role
determining
penetration
as
>100
nm
sized
failed
overcome
ILM
could
not
permeate
into
In
addition,
our
results
demonstrate
impact
surface
charge
PEG-coating
penetration.
Small
(≈
50
nm)
anionic
with
PEG
coating
showed
most
extensive
distribution
cellular
localization
summary,
study
extends
understanding
ocular
provides
valuable
information
augment
design
systems.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(1), P. 134 - 134
Published: Jan. 6, 2022
Topical
drug
delivery
to
the
posterior
segment
of
eye
is
a
very
complex
challenge.
However,
topical
highly
desired,
achieve
an
easy-to-use
treatment
option
for
retinal
diseases.
In
this
review,
we
focus
on
characteristics
that
are
relevant
succeed
in
An
overview
ocular
barriers
need
be
overcome
and
some
animal
models
study
pharmacokinetics
given.
Furthermore,
summary
substances
were
able
reach
after
drop
application
provided,
as
well
outline
investigated
systems
improve
delivery.
Some
promising
results
delivered
retina
suggest
diseases
might
possible
future,
which
warrants
further
research.
