mRNA-based therapeutics: powerful and versatile tools to combat diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: May 21, 2022

Abstract The therapeutic use of messenger RNA (mRNA) has fueled great hope to combat a wide range incurable diseases. Recent rapid advances in biotechnology and molecular medicine have enabled the production almost any functional protein/peptide human body by introducing mRNA as vaccine or agent. This represents rising precision field with promise for preventing treating many intractable genetic In addition, vitro transcribed achieved programmed production, which is more effective, faster design well flexible cost-effective than conventional approaches that may offer. Based on these extraordinary advantages, vaccines characteristics swiftest response large-scale outbreaks infectious diseases, such currently devastating pandemic COVID-19. It always been scientists’ desire improve stability, immunogenicity, translation efficiency, delivery system achieve efficient safe mRNA. Excitingly, scientific dreams gradually realized rapid, amazing achievements biology, technology, vaccinology, nanotechnology. this review, we comprehensively describe mRNA-based therapeutics, including their principles, manufacture, application, effects, shortcomings. We also highlight importance optimization systems successful therapeutics discuss key challenges opportunities developing tools into powerful versatile genetic, infectious, cancer, other refractory

Language: Английский

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Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: Immunopathogenesis and Therapy

Medicina, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 58(2), P. 144 - 144

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

A cytokine storm is a hyperinflammatory state secondary to the excessive production of cytokines by deregulated immune system. It manifests clinically as an influenza-like syndrome, which can be complicated multi-organ failure and coagulopathy, leading, in most severe cases, even death. The term was first used 1993 describe graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. then reused define adverse syndromes administration immunostimulating agents, such anti-CD28 antibodies or bioengineered cells, i.e., CAR T-cell therapy. Currently, concept has been better elucidated extended pathogenesis many other conditions, sepsis, autoinflammatory disease, primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, multicentric Castleman disease. Moreover, recently emerged key aspect novel Coronavirus 2019, affected patients show high levels several pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IP-10, GM-CSF, MCP-1, IL-10, some also correlate with severity. Therefore, since onset pandemic, numerous agents have tested effort mitigate COVID-19 patients, are effective reducing mortality, especially critically ill now becoming standards care, glucocorticoids inhibitors. However, challenge still far from being met, therapeutic strategies hope that we eventually overcome

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Response and the Pathogenesis of COVID-19

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1716 - 1716

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

The review aims to consolidate research findings on the molecular mechanisms and virulence pathogenicity characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), their relevance four typical stages in development viral infection. These are invasion; primary blockade antiviral innate immunity; engagement virus’s protection against factors adaptive acute, long-term complications COVID-19. invasion stage entails recognition spike protein (S) SARS-CoV-2 target cell receptors, namely, main receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ACE2), its coreceptors, potential alternative receptors. presence a diverse repertoire receptors allows infect various types cells, including those not expressing ACE2. During second stage, majority polyfunctional structural, non-structural, extra proteins synthesizes infected cells involved blockage immunity. A high degree redundancy systemic action characterizing these pathogenic overcome at initial invasion. third includes passive active virus from immunity, overcoming barrier function focus inflammation, generalization body. fourth is associated with deployment variants SARS-CoV-2’s ability induce autoimmune autoinflammatory pathways tissue both immunosuppressive hyperergic inflammation critical this

Language: Английский

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Current approaches of nanomedicines in the market and various stage of clinical translation

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 3028 - 3048

Published: March 1, 2022

Compared with traditional drug therapy, nanomedicines exhibit intriguing biological features to increase therapeutic efficiency, reduce toxicity and achieve targeting delivery. This review provides a snapshot of that have been currently launched or in the clinical trials, which manifests diversified trend carrier types, applied indications mechanisms action. From perspective indications, this article presents an overview applications involving prevention, diagnosis treatment various diseases, include cancer, infections, blood disorders, cardiovascular immuno-associated diseases nervous system etc. Moreover, some considerations perspectives research development facilitate their translations clinic.

Language: Английский

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Acinetobacter baumannii Infections in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 1006 - 1006

Published: Aug. 10, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated an overuse of antimicrobials in critically ill patients. Acinetobacter baumannii frequently causes nosocomial infections, particularly intensive care units (ICUs), where the incidence increased over time. Since WHO declared on 12 March 2020, disease spread rapidly, and many patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 needed to be admitted ICU. Bacterial co-pathogens are commonly identified viral respiratory infections important morbidity mortality. However, we cannot neglect antimicrobial resistance, which may attributed excess use agents during pandemic. Patients could vulnerable other owing multiple comorbidities severe COVID-19, prolonged hospitalization, SARS-CoV-2-associated immune dysfunction. These have acquired secondary bacterial or superinfections, mainly bacteremia urinary tract infections. This review will summarize prevalence A. coinfection infection COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in regenerative biomaterials

Regenerative Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Nowadays, biomaterials have evolved from the inert supports or functional substitutes to bioactive materials able trigger promote regenerative potential of tissues. The interdisciplinary progress has broadened definition 'biomaterials', and a typical new insight is concept tissue induction biomaterials. term 'regenerative biomaterials' thus contents this article are relevant yet beyond This review summarizes recent medical including metals, ceramics, hydrogels, other polymers bio-derived materials. As application aspects concerned, introduces for bone cartilage regeneration, cardiovascular repair, 3D bioprinting, wound healing cosmetology. Cell-biomaterial interactions highlighted. Since global pandemic coronavirus disease 2019, particularly mentions public health emergency. In last section, perspectives suggested: (i) creation source innovation; (ii) modification existing an effective strategy performance improvement; (iii) biomaterial degradation regeneration required be harmonious with each other; (iv) host responses can significantly influence clinical outcomes; (v) long-term outcomes should paid more attention to; (vi) noninvasive approaches monitoring

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive analysis of the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines

Molecular Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 29(9), P. 2794 - 2805

Published: Aug. 6, 2021

The numbers of cases and deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are continuously increasing. Many people concerned about the efficacy safety COVID-19 vaccines. We performed a comprehensive analysis published trials vaccines real-world data Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Globally, our research found that all exceeded 70%, RNA-based had highest 94.29%; moreover, Black or African American people, young males may experience greater vaccine efficacy. spectrum vaccine-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is extremely broad, most frequent ADRs pain, fatigue, headache. Most tolerable mainly grade 1 2 in severity. Some severe have been identified (thromboembolic events, 21-75 per million doses; myocarditis/pericarditis, 2-3 doses). In summary, powerful tool can be used to control pandemic, with high ADRs. addition, associated appear within week, although some delayed. Therefore, after vaccination need addressed timely manner.

Language: Английский

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Combating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in COVID‐19 by Molecular Hydrogen Therapy: Mechanisms and Perspectives

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

COVID-19 is a widespread global pandemic with nearly 185 million confirmed cases and about four deaths. It caused by an infection the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which primarily affects alveolar type II pneumocytes. The induces pathological responses including increased inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis. This situation results in impaired gas exchange, hypoxia, other sequelae that lead to multisystem organ failure death. As summarized this article, many interventions therapeutics have been proposed investigated combat viral infection-induced inflammation stress contributes etiology pathogenesis of COVID-19. However, these methods not significantly improved treatment outcomes. may partly be attributable their inability at restoring redox inflammatory homeostasis, for molecular hydrogen (H

Language: Английский

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Current research trends of nanomedicines

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 4391 - 4416

Published: May 20, 2023

Owing to the inherent shortcomings of traditional therapeutic drugs in terms inadequate efficacy and toxicity clinical treatment, nanomedicine designs have received widespread attention with significantly improved reduced non-target side effects. Nanomedicines hold tremendous theranostic potential for treating, monitoring, diagnosing, controlling various diseases are attracting an unfathomable amount input research resources. Against backdrop exponentially growing number publications, it is imperative help audience get a panorama image activities field nanomedicines. Herein, this review elaborates on development trends nanomedicines, emerging nanocarriers, vivo fate safety their extensive applications. Moreover, challenges obstacles hindering translation nanomedicines also discussed. The elaboration aspects may enlighten readers set route future endeavors.

Language: Английский

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mRNA vaccine in cancer therapy: Current advance and future outlook

Clinical and Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Abstract Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines are a relatively new class of that have shown great promise in the immunotherapy wide variety infectious diseases and cancer. In past 2 years, SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA contributed tremendously against SARS‐CoV2, which has prompted arrival vaccine research boom, especially cancer vaccines. Compared with conventional vaccines, significant advantages, including efficient production protective immune responses, low side effects lower cost acquisition. this review, we elaborated on development as well potential biological mechanisms latest progress various tumour treatments, discussed challenges future directions for field.

Language: Английский

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