International Journal of Advanced Science Computing and Engineering,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
5(2), P. 197 - 209
Published: Aug. 30, 2023
Rural
areas
are
indicated
to
be
still
difficult
reach
by
4G
signals
due
diverse
topographical
conditions
and
uneven
landscapes,
especially
hilly
that
weaken
the
signal
reception
level
in
this
region.
To
make
accessible
area,
a
repeater
form
of
an
antenna
is
needed
strengthen
signal.
In
study,
yagi
designed
with
three
reflector
elements
at
working
frequency
1800
Mhz
LTE,
expected
produce
minimum
gain
12
dBi
more
focused
radiation
rural
areas.
The
design
was
simulated
using
CST
Studio
Suite
software,
optimized
simulation
results
yielding
return
loss
-22
dB,
VSWR
1.167,
12.40
dBi.
From
measurements
obtained,
works
well
Mhz,
-34.77
1.065,
12.96
dBi,
unidirectional
radiation.
With
optimal
parameters
addition
elements,
it's
possible
increase
value,
even
though
isn't
substantial,
it
narrows
HPBW
(Half
Power
BeamWidth)
value.
Moreover,
testing
3
different
distances
demonstrated
resulting
value
can
enhance
speed
Engineering Science and Technology an International Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
50, P. 101616 - 101616
Published: Jan. 16, 2024
This
study
introduces
a
MIMO
antenna
system
incorporating
an
epsilon
negative
Meta
Surface
(MS).
The
system’s
architects
intended
for
it
to
have
large
usable
frequency
range,
high
gain,
narrow
inter-component
spacing,
and
superior
isolation
properties
with
four
elements
of
that
are
strategically
organized
in
orthogonal
arrangement
compact
form
factor
measuring
41
×
1.6
mm3,
utilizing
low-loss
Rogers
RT5880
substrate.
architecture
the
is
characterized
by
integrating
multi-slotted
radiating
patch,
partial
ground
plane,
epsilon-negative
Surface.
integration
done
7
Metamaterial
array
at
back
dimension
resulting
collective
enhancement
antenna’s
overall
performance
affecting
phase,
amplitude,
electromagnetic
field
reducing
backward
radiation.
separation
between
Meta-surface
established
distance
6
mm.
exceptional
super
wideband
increased
from
2–19
GHz
1.9–20
after
using
MS.
Moreover,
increases
20
dB
25.5
dB,
Realized
gain
4.5
dBi
8
dBi,
radiation
efficiency
77%
89%
across
operational
bandwidth.
exhibits
remarkable
diversity
characteristics,
as
indicated
envelope
correlation
coefficient
(ECC)
<0.004,
(DG)
surpassing
9.98
channel
capacity
loss
(CCL)
below
0.3,
total
active
reflection
(TARC)
12
dB.
Furthermore,
circuit
analogous
resistor–inductor–capacitor
(RLC)
constructed,
regression
methods
machine
learning
employed
validate
achieved.
Notably,
linear
model
performance,
achieving
accuracy
99%.
design
demonstrates
significant
potential
many
applications
Internet
Things
(IoT),
specifically
focusing
on
Vehicle-to-Everything
(V2X)
communications.
These
highlight
its
appropriateness
emerging
IoT
sectors.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Jan. 2, 2025
This
study
presents
the
design
and
analysis
of
a
compact
28
GHz
MIMO
antenna
for
5G
wireless
networks,
incorporating
simulations,
measurements,
machine
learning
(ML)
techniques
to
optimize
its
performance.
With
dimensions
3.19
λ₀
×
λ₀,
offers
bandwidth
5.1
GHz,
peak
gain
9.43
dBi,
high
isolation
31.37
dB,
an
efficiency
99.6%.
Simulations
conducted
in
CST
Studio
were
validated
through
prototype
showing
strong
agreement
between
measured
simulated
results.
To
further
validate
design,
equivalent
RLC
circuit
model
was
developed
analyzed
using
ADS,
with
reflection
coefficient
results
closely
matching
those
from
CST.
Additionally,
supervised
ML
employed
predict
antenna's
gain,
evaluating
nine
models
metrics
such
as
R-squared,
variance
score,
mean
absolute
error,
root
squared
error.
Among
models,
Random
Forest
Regression
achieved
highest
accuracy,
delivering
approximately
99%
reliability
prediction.
integration
underscores
potential
performance
enhance
efficiency.
size,
isolation,
exceptional
efficiency,
proposed
is
promising
candidate
applications,
offering
innovative
solutions
next-generation
communication.
Alexandria Engineering Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
104, P. 665 - 679
Published: Aug. 14, 2024
This
paper
presents
the
findings
about
implementing
a
machine
learning
(ML)
technique
to
optimize
performance
of
5
G
mm
wave
applications
utilizing
multiple-input
multiple-output
(MIMO)
antennas
operating
at
28
GHz
frequency
band.
article
examines
various
methodologies,
including
simulation,
measurement,
and
utilization
an
RLC-equivalent
circuit
model,
evaluate
appropriateness
antenna
for
its
intended
applications.
In
addition
compact
dimensions,
proposed
design
exhibits
maximum
gain
10.34
dBi,
superior
isolation
exceeding
26
dB,
broad
bandwidth
16.56
%
Centered
spanning
from
25.905
30.544
GHz.
Another
supervised
regression
is
utilized
predict
antenna's
accurately.
Machine
models
can
be
assessed
by
several
measures,
such
as
variance
score,
R
square,
mean
square
error
(MSE),
absolute
(MAE),
root
(RMSE),
Mean
Absolute
Percentage
Error
(MAPE).
Among
six
considered,
it
seen
that
Gaussian
Process
Regression
(GPR)
model
lowest
achieves
highest
level
accuracy
in
forecasting
gain.
The
under
consideration
has
promising
qualities
use
high-band
evidenced
modelling
obtained
Computer
Simulation
Technology
(CST)
Advanced
Design
System
(ADS)and
measured
projected
results
derived
using
methodologies.
Physica Scripta,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
99(2), P. 026005 - 026005
Published: Jan. 10, 2024
Abstract
Yagi
antennas
are
useful
for
wireless
communications
because
of
the
directional
gain
they
provide,
allowing
antenna
to
concentrate
signal
in
either
transmission
or
reception
direction.
It
is
built
on
a
substrate
made
FR-4,
this
has
return
loss
−46.85
dB
at
3.6
GHz
and
bandwidth
3.3–4.2
within
−10
range,
making
it
ideal
use
n77
bands.
Not
only
small,
with
size
0.642
λ
0
×
0.583
,
but
also
maximum
7.95
directivity
8.58
dB.
This
study
investigates
several
approaches
estimating
performance
an
antenna.
These
include
simulation
variety
software
tools,
including
as
CST,
HFSS,
Altair
Feko;
curve
fitting
technology;
RLC
equivalent
circuit
model.
After
that,
CST
MWS
used
collect
large
amount
data
samples,
then
supervised
regression
machine
learning
(ML)
methods
determine
resonance
frequency
When
comes
predicting
frequency,
Random
Forest
Regression
demonstrates
exceptional
level
performance,
particularly
when
comparing
results
produced
by
curve-fitting
neural
networks,
models.
all
these
considerations
taken
into
account,
clear
that
outstanding
option
band
5G
communication
system.
Deleted Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: Jan. 22, 2024
Abstract
A
low-profile
antenna
with
three
parasitic
elements
is
designed
and
presented
for
fifth-generation
(5G)
wireless
metropolitan
area
network
(WMAN)
applications.
This
prototype
covers
the
frequency
range
of
2.75–4.94
GHz,
which
applicable
lower
5G
(3.33–4.2
GHz),
WWAN
n48
CBRS
(US)
(3.55–3.7
WiMAX
rel
2
(3.4–3.6
n77
(3.3–4.2
most
European
Asian
countries),
n78
(3.3–3.8
USA),
n79
(4.4–5.0
China,
Hong
Kong,
Japan,
Russia)
bands.
The
made
a
low-loss,
commercially
available
substrate
material
known
as
Rogers
RT
5880
(
ε
r
=
2.2,
tanδ
0.0009)
thickness
0.79
mm.
optimized
dimension
proposed
35
×
25
mm
3
(i.e.,
691.25
).
10-element
array
fed
by
50
Ω
feeder.
maximum
gain
directivity
are
4.3
dB
4.75
dBi,
respectively.
radiation
efficiency
varies
from
86.79
to
92.14%
(simulated)
86.23
91.48%
(measured),
it
89.48%
90.59%
(measured)
at
3.225
GHz.
impedance
profile
(49.80-j1.72)
Ω,
ensures
good
matching.
VSWR
surface
current
1.036
107.931
A/m
center
value
scattering
parameter
(S
11
)
−
36
resonant
frequency.
By
using
DGS-based
partial
ground
plane
elements,
enhances
bandwidth
2.19
Therefore,
tested
an
excellent
candidate
be
deployed
5G/WMAN
applications
respect
different
parametric
studies.
