Wolves recolonize novel ecosystems leading to novel interactions

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61(5), P. 906 - 921

Published: Feb. 25, 2024

Abstract The wolf ( Canis lupus ) is arguably the most successful species at recolonizing its now human‐dominated former ranges in Europe and North America. Over centuries while was absent, humans have transformed ecosystems to a large extent. In this paper, we highlight key aspects of these human‐modified that include changes (meso)carnivore communities, wolves themselves (genetics, behaviour), woody plant communities playing field for predator–prey interactions (landscape structure). We argue recognition novelty logically leads novel pathways how can influence ecosystem functioning. Thus far, ecological impacts systems largely been predicted based on documented effects they prey or lower trophic levels well‐preserved with low human impact. However, will engage an array potential cascades do not occur more natural This should encourage us re‐assess questions ask about systems. A promising direction future studies exploring what establish under conditions exert their (context dependence) are recolonizing. Policy implications . Understanding context dependence could guide act improve enable again. These may be true societal value having returning landscapes.

Language: Английский

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Fear of the human “super predator” pervades the South African savanna

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(21), P. 4689 - 4696.e4

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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Fear of the human ‘super predator’ in native marsupials and introduced deer in Australia

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2023)

Published: May 1, 2024

Recent experiments have demonstrated that carnivores and ungulates in Africa, Asia, Europe North America fear the human 'super predator' far more than other predators. Australian mammals been a focus of research on predator naiveté because it is suspected they show atypical antipredator responses. To experimentally test if Australia also most humans, we quantified responses four native marsupials (eastern grey kangaroo, Bennett's wallaby, Tasmanian pademelon, common brushtail possum) introduced fallow deer to playbacks (human, dog, devil, wolf) or non-predator control (sheep) vocalizations. Native feared predator', fleeing humans 2.4 times often next frightening (dogs), being most, significantly, vigilant humans. These results demonstrate are not naïve peril pose, substantially expanding taxonomic geographic scope growing experimental evidence wildlife worldwide generally perceive as planet's predator. Introduced fled but predators, which suggest may result from their introduced. Our point both challenges concerning marsupial conservation opportunities for exploiting management tool.

Language: Английский

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Electronic Playback Devices to Reduce Ungulates’ Attendance in an Olive Grove Farm in the Province of Florence (Italy)

AgriEngineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 20 - 20

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

(1) Background: Human–wildlife conflict can lead to adverse consequences for both parties, particularly in areas with a high concentration of wild ungulates. Ungulates cause frequent, severe plant damage by stripping the bark or browsing on youngest plants. In latter case, they vegetative sprouts and leaves, which delay growth plant’s death. Tuscany is notable its significant population boar, substantial vineyards cereal crops, costing farmers millions annually. Tuscany, given highly cultivated landscape olive trees, has also been recorded these Balancing human wildlife needs crucial minimizing ensuring coexistence. (2) Methods: This study tested innovative electronic playback devices using long-range radio technology (LoRa) deter ungulates prevent crop damage. These use sounds lights induce animals be afraid thus run away from plot protected. The experiment was conducted farm Chianti, involving four plots land planted trees: two test areas, camera traps were installed, control only installed. Playback aimed their effectiveness. Data analyzed statistically behaviorally. (3) Results: significantly reduced animal activity equipped areas. Statistical analysis revealed that acoustic–luminous deterrent (PDs) visits groves. (4) Conclusion: study’s findings, supported heatmaps frequency analyses, provide insights into patterns guide development targeted, effective management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Human–wildlife coexistence needs more evidence‐based interventions to reduce the losses of crops, livestock and fishery catches

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 26, 2025

Abstract Evidence‐based interventions designed to reduce wildlife‐caused losses are essential for human–wildlife coexistence. The lack of systematic summarization research effort and evidence makes it challenging researchers, managers policymakers prioritize evaluation implementation. Here, we compiled experimental case studies nonlethal technical the crops, livestock fishery catches caused by terrestrial carnivores, elephants, farmland birds marine fauna worldwide. Then, summarized performance their sensory stimuli target animals. We found that: (i) 54 88 included in this study had statistically effective evidence, where only 39% (21/54) were evaluated with more than three experiments; (ii) physical‐, sound‐, chemical‐ light (or visual) ‐based most numbers varied greatly; (iii) birds, seabirds cetaceans studied animal groups while there a few experiments elephants; (iv) generally no impact on catch fisheries. Syntheses applications : Our results indicated that collective is needed further evaluate using various launch incentive programs motivate implementation interventions, particularly related conservation. synthesis could be helpful stakeholders tackle negative human‐wildlife interactions outlined as Target 4 Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

Language: Английский

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Resource constraint crop damage classification using depth channel shuffling

Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 144, P. 110117 - 110117

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Language: Английский

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Reaction of ungulates to natural sound stimuli

Bioacoustics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 15

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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Impacts of predation risk on learning and memory of free-living mice

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2041)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

In predator–prey interactions, responses to predation risk typically involve behavioural, morphological or physiological changes. Laboratory-based studies have also shown changes in prey cognition (i.e. learning and memory), with individuals often showing impairment. However, an ecological perspective predicts that wild animals should conserve their cognitive ability, given many require robust cognition. Here, we simulated used a field-adapted version of the Morris Water Maze (MWM) investigate how chronic affects white-footed mice ( Peromyscus leucopus ). We found 24 days' exposure did not impair learning. those exposed had 25% reduction short-term memory. Twelve days post-risk exposure, no performance differences between risk-exposed control mice. Additionally, displayed greater exploration higher probability completing MWM initial trial. Given integrate multiple pieces information shape behaviour, lack impairment altered strategies may help respond risk. tendency memory suggests there are consequences for when experiencing increased

Language: Английский

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Comparing Durations of Different Countermeasure Efficacies Against Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Cornfields of Hunchun, Jilin Province, China

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 1017 - 1017

Published: April 1, 2025

Wildlife behavior can be influenced by the deployment of sensory cues in a landscape, but different vary strength and duration their effectiveness. We aimed to identify most effective cost-efficient countermeasures (sensory cues) deter wild boar (Sus scrofa) entry damage cornfields Hunchun, Jilin Province, China. These have experienced severe boars during critical 30-day period when this crop was ripening. From 2016 2021, were applied sequentially seeking control using either (1) visual deterrents, i.e., solar blinkers colors; (2) auditory playbacks Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) calls, or wolf (Canis lupus) calls; (3) tactile electric fencing; (4) olfactory Adult feces; (5) various combined deterrents. first evaluated effectiveness these broad categories, then performed detailed analysis individual assess specific deterrence duration. A cost-effective subsequently on evaluate best option for practical applications. Across categories group proved overall. For seven showing significantly higher than others tested included following: 1000 mA red blinker (32.25 ± 4.22 days), yellow (29.67 4.58 green (29.58 5.60 fencing with three wires 0.58 two (28.00 2.00 (6) calls 15 s plus 30 blank recording 5 min (26.50 2.38 (7) feces (27.34 2.94 days). Except each countermeasure would cover over which is necessary (30 The achieved highest repellency per cost ratio (0.31) at 30.29 IUS$/hm2 showed reduced time. Although offers longer deterrence, its cost-effectiveness lower (0.27) due installation maintenance costs 319.69 IUS$/hm2. highly short-term deterrent, while provides durable, long-term protection despite costs. Balancing optimize strategies across management needs.

Language: Английский

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Badgers remain fearless in the face of simulated wolf presence near their setts

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Many mesocarnivores are fossorial and use burrow systems to avoid predators. But animals cannot stay safely underground forever; they must also risk emerging overground forage find mates. To make this trade-off effectively maximise their own fitness, it is imperative assess how varies in space time adapt denning behaviour accordingly. We used the badger Białowieża Forest, Poland, as a model for investigating of mesocarnivore response short-term large carnivore risk. end, we experimentally simulated perceived wolf presence outside 10 setts using audio playbacks wolves (their howls). assayed two behavioural measures fear: emergence from on day were broadcast after. found that neither nor next-day sett varied playbacks. The results present study contrast with previous ours badgers areas high landscape level less often than those lower-risk areas. Together, these papers' findings suggest different spatiotemporal scales can have differential effects behaviour. conclude rather take avoidance at all risky times places, likely display diversity reactions depend context scale being perceived.

Language: Английский

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