Drought Stress Impacts on Plants and Different Approaches to Alleviate Its Adverse Effects

Plants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 259 - 259

Published: Jan. 28, 2021

Drought stress, being the inevitable factor that exists in various environments without recognizing borders and no clear warning thereby hampering plant biomass production, quality, energy. It is key important environmental stress occurs due to temperature dynamics, light intensity, low rainfall. Despite this, its cumulative, not obvious impact multidimensional nature severely affects morphological, physiological, biochemical molecular attributes with adverse on photosynthetic capacity. Coping water scarcity, plants evolve complex resistance adaptation mechanisms including physiological responses, which differ species level. The sophisticated regularity network improves tolerance are briefly discussed. Growth pattern structural reduction transpiration loss through altering stomatal conductance distribution, leaf rolling, root shoot ratio length increment, accumulation of compatible solutes, enhancement efficiency, osmotic hormonal regulation, delayed senescence strategies adopted by under deficit. Approaches for drought alleviations breeding strategies, genomics perspectives special emphasis omics technology alteration i.e., metabolomics, proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, glyomics phenomics improve plants. For induction, seed priming, growth hormones, osmoprotectants, silicon (Si), selenium (Se) potassium application worth using conditions In addition, microbes, hydrogel, nanoparticles applications metabolic engineering techniques regulate antioxidant enzymes activity plants, enhancing maintenance cell homeostasis ameliorates effects great potential agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Climate-resilient strategies for sustainable management of water resources and agriculture

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(31), P. 41576 - 41595

Published: June 7, 2021

Language: Английский

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Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 2299 - 2299

Published: Nov. 13, 2021

The productivity of cereal crops under salt stress limits sustainable food production and security. Barley followed by sorghum better adapts to salinity stress, while wheat maize are moderately adapted. However, rice is a salt-sensitive crop, its growth grain yield significantly impacted stress. High soil can reduce water uptake, create osmotic in plants and, consequently, oxidative Crops have evolved different tolerance mechanisms, particularly cereals, mitigate the stressful conditions, i.e., effluxing excessive sodium (Na+) or compartmentalizing Na+ vacuoles. Likewise, activate an antioxidant defense system detoxify apoplastic cell wall acidification reactive oxygen species (ROS). Understanding response field including their resistance help breed adapted varieties with high unfavourable environmental factors. In contrast, primary stages seed germination more critical than vegetative stages. at reproductive stage also decrease crop productivity. Biotechnology approaches being used accelerate development salt-adapted crops. addition, hormones osmolytes application toxicity impact salts Therefore, we review on physiology production, management strategies cope harmful negative effect

Language: Английский

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Management Strategies to Mitigate N2O Emissions in Agriculture

Life, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 439 - 439

Published: March 17, 2022

The concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere has been increasing since beginning industrial revolution. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one mightiest GHGs, and agriculture main sources N2O emissions. In this paper, we reviewed mechanisms triggering emissions role agricultural practices their mitigation. amount produced from soil through combined processes nitrification denitrification profoundly influenced by temperature, moisture, carbon, nitrogen oxygen contents. These factors can be manipulated to a significant extent field management practices, influencing emission. relationships between occurrence regulating it are an important premise for devising mitigation strategies. Here, evaluated various options literature found that effectively reduced intervening on time method N supply (30–40%, with peaks up 80%), tillage irrigation (both non-univocal way), use amendments, such as biochar lime (up slow-release fertilizers and/or inhibitors 50%), plant treatment arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi 75%), appropriate crop rotations schemes integrated nutrient (in way). conclusion, acting (fertilizer type, dose, time, method, etc.) most straightforward way achieve reductions without compromising yields. However, tuning rest (tillage, irrigation, rotation, principles good also advisable, fetch abatement vs. risk unexpected rise, which incurred unwary management.

Language: Английский

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A Review on the Role of Endophytes and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Mitigating Heat Stress in Plants

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 1286 - 1286

Published: June 24, 2022

Among abiotic stresses, heat stress is described as one of the major limiting factors crop growth worldwide, high temperatures elicit a series physiological, molecular, and biochemical cascade events that ultimately result in reduced yield. There growing interest among researchers use beneficial microorganisms. Intricate highly complex interactions between plants microbes alleviation stress. Plant–microbe are mediated by production phytohormones, siderophores, gene expression, osmolytes, volatile compounds plants. Their interaction improves antioxidant activity accumulation compatible osmolytes such proline, glycine betaine, soluble sugar, trehalose, enriches nutrient status stressed Therefore, this review aims to discuss response understand mechanisms microbe-mediated on physio-molecular basis. This indicates have great potential enhance protection from plant Owing metabolic diversity microorganisms, they can be useful mitigating In regard, microorganisms do not present new threats ecological systems. Overall, it expected continued research tolerance will enable technology used an ecofriendly tool for sustainable agronomy.

Language: Английский

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Physiology of medicinal and aromatic plants under drought stress

The Crop Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 330 - 339

Published: Jan. 14, 2024

Drought poses a significant challenge, restricting the productivity of medicinal and aromatic plants. The strain induced by drought can impede vital processes like respiration photosynthesis, affecting various aspects plants' growth metabolism. In response to this adversity, plants employ mechanisms such as morphological structural adjustments, modulation drought-resistant genes, augmented synthesis secondary metabolites osmotic regulatory substances alleviate stress. Extreme water scarcity lead leaf wilting may ultimately result in plant death. cultivation management under stress conditions often differ from those other crops. This is because main goal with not only increase yield above-ground parts but also enhance production active ingredients essential oils. To elucidate these resistance plants, current review provides summary recent literature encompassing studies on morphology, physiology, biochemistry conditions.

Language: Английский

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Integrated Application of Selenium and Silicon Enhances Growth and Anatomical Structure, Antioxidant Defense System and Yield of Wheat Grown in Salt-Stressed Soil

Plants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 1040 - 1040

Published: May 21, 2021

Selenium (Se) and silicon (Si) are considered advantageous elements to induce plants’ tolerance various environmental stresses. Wheat yield is negatively affected by salinity stress, especially in dry semi-dry areas. Therefore, the objective of current study was investigate effects Se, Si their combinations (0 as control, Se15, Se30, Si15, Si30, Se15 + Se30 Si30 mM) alleviating deleterious stress (7.61 dS m−1, real field conditions) on anatomical characteristics well physio-biochemical productivity parameters wheat plants. The selenium treatments caused significant amelioration growth, physiological attributes, grain yields salinity-stressed comparison with untreated plants (control treatment). integrated application significantly increased plant growth (i.e., height 28.24%, number tillers m−2 76.81%, fresh weight plant−1 80.66%, 79.65%), Fv/Fm (44.78%), performance index (PI; 60.45%), membrane stability (MSI; 36.39%), relative water content (RWC; 29.39%), total soluble sugars (TSS; 53.38%), proline (33.74%), enzymatic antioxidants CAT activity 14.45%, GR 67.5%, SOD 35.37% APX 39.25%) non-enzymatic GSH 117.5%, AsA 52.32%), its components spikelets spike−1 29.55%, 1000-grain 48.73% ha−1 26.44%). traits stem leaves were improved treated Si30. These changes resulting from exogenous applications or combinations, turn, make these prospective helping acclimate successfully saline soil.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of recent climate change on crop yield can depend on local conditions in climatically diverse regions of Norway

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 3, 2023

Abstract Globally, climate change greatly impacts the production of major crops, and there have been many attempts to model future yields under warming scenarios in recent years. However, projections may not be generalisable all crop growing regions, particularly those with diverse topography bioclimates. In this study, we demonstrate by evaluating links between changes temperature precipitation wheat, barley, potato at county-level during 1980–2019 Norway, a Nordic country range climates across relatively small spatial scale. The results show that variables on yield vary widely county, for some strength direction link depends underlying local bioclimate. addition, our analysis demonstrates need counties focus weather specific crucial months corresponding certain growth stages. Furthermore, due climatic conditions varying projected changes, different opportunities are likely occur each county.

Language: Английский

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Developing automated machine learning approach for fast and robust crop yield prediction using a fusion of remote sensing, soil, and weather dataset

Environmental Research Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(4), P. 041005 - 041005

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Abstract Estimating smallholder crop yields robustly and timely is crucial for improving agronomic practices, determining yield gaps, guiding investment, policymaking to ensure food security. However, there poor estimation of most smallholders due lack technology, field scale data, particularly in Egypt. Automated machine learning (AutoML) can be used automate the workflow, including automatic training optimization multiple models within a user-specified time frame, but it has less attention so far. Here, we combined extensive survey across wheat cultivated area Egypt with diverse dataset remote sensing, soil, weather predict field-level using 22 Ml AutoML. The showed robust accuracies predictions, recording Willmott degree agreement, (d > 0.80) higher accuracy when super learner (stacked ensemble) was (R 2 = 0.51, d 0.82). trained AutoML deployed sensing (RS) vegetative indices (VIs), demonstrating good correlation actual 0.7). This very important since considered low-cost tool could explore early predictions. Since climate change negative impacts on agricultural production security some uncertainties, under recent scenarios from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). These included single downscaled General Circulation (GCM) as CanESM5 two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) SSP2-4.5and SSP5-8.5during mid-term period (2050). stacked ensemble model displayed declines 21% 5% SSP5-8.5 SSP2-4.5 respectively during mid-century, uncertainty highest emission scenario (SSP5-8.5). developed approach rapid, accurate method stakeholder farms all over world where ground data scarce.

Language: Английский

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Ameliorating heat stressed conditions in wheat by altering its physiological and phenotypic traits associated with varying nitrogen levels

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 52(1), P. 13471 - 13471

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Currently, more than half of the global nations cultivating wheat crops are facing severe consequences climate change and its associated heat stress in terms quantitative qualitative yield losses. Plants exposed to need a balanced adequate amount mineral nutrients counter ill effects. Therefore, present study was designed investigate potential effects applied during vegetative growth period (Zadoks scale: ZGS 5-60) on physiological phenotypic traits (Triticum aestivum) crop subjected variable rates nitrogen (N). In this experiment, plants cv. ‘Punjab-2011’ were two levels temperature i.e. (HS) control or non-heat (NHS), three N (N50 = 50 kg ha-1, N100= 100 ha-1 N150 150 ha-1). The experiment executed under controlled conditions completely randomized design (CRD) with six replications. One set eighteen pots containing seedlings placed compartment greenhouse heat-stressed conditions, while another non-heated conditions. compartments equipped heating cooling system maintain desired ecological Pots heated chamber kept for 60 days from emergence (ZGS 5-60), then shifted till harvesting. treatment almost 2 ± 0.47 °C higher treatment. results indicated that HS significantly reduced photosynthetic rate by 42.52%, leaf efficiency 56.82%, chlorophyll scores 20.11%, relative water contents (RWC) 12.81%, tillers 48.21%, grain weight 21.47% 68.20% NHS These reductions prominent limited dose (50 Furthermore, also revealed transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, membrane ruptures N50 However, compensated detrimental improving efficiencies, RWC, stability pigments, tillers, weight, wheat. Additionally, negatively correlated internal CO2 concentration, leakage. conclusion, high temperatures could alleviate magnitude penalties enhance withstand heat-induced

Language: Английский

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