Ketamine and its two enantiomers in anesthesiology and psychiatry: A historical review and future directions
Journal of Anesthesia and Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
3(3), P. 65 - 75
Published: July 11, 2024
Ketamine,
a
dissociative
anesthetic,
is
widely
utilized
in
both
human
and
veterinary
anesthesia.
Its
(S)-enantiomer,
esketamine,
similarly
employed
for
anesthesia
analgesia.
The
anesthetic
effects
of
ketamine
esketamine
arise
from
their
antagonism
the
N-methyl-D-aspartate
receptor
(NMDAR).
In
field
psychiatry,
rapid-acting
antidepressant
properties
severe
depression
have
generated
significant
interest,
resulting
its
increased
off-label
usage
United
States
(U.S.).
2019,
nasal
spray
received
approval
use
U.S.
Europe.
However,
concerns
emerged
regarding
potential
adverse
effects,
including
long-term
efficacy,
addiction
risks,
suicide
risk
clinical
settings.
contrast,
arketamine,
(R)-enantiomer
ketamine,
exhibits
superior
longer-lasting
rodent
models
depression,
with
fewer
side
compared
to
esketamine.
Nevertheless,
research
on
efficacy
safety
arketamine
patients
remains
limited.
This
article
provides
concise
exploration
historical
two
enantiomers
while
also
delving
into
future
directions
application
these
fields.
Language: Английский
Special Issue on “Ketamine, MDMA, and Psychedelics in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders”
Kenji Hashimoto,
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Xingming Wang,
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Jichun Zhang
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et al.
Asian Journal of Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
106, P. 104426 - 104426
Published: March 5, 2025
Language: Английский
S-Ketamine Reduces the Risk of Rebound Pain in Patients Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Drug Design Development and Therapy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 19, P. 2315 - 2327
Published: March 1, 2025
Investigating
the
effectiveness
of
S-ketamine
in
reducing
rebound
pain
(RP)
following
total
knee
arthroplasty.
This
study
was
a
randomized,
double-blind,
placebo-controlled
trial
involving
356
adult
patients
undergoing
Patient
enrollment
occurred
between
April
and
October
2023,
with
in-person
follow-up
assessments
conducted
from
admission
to
3
days
post-surgery.
Participants
were
randomly
assigned
group
(n
=
178)
placebo
178).
In
group,
participants
received
continuous
intraoperative
infusion
at
dose
0.30
mg/(kg·h)
completion
spinal
anesthesia
until
beginning
joint
cavity
closure,
whereas
0.9%
saline
same
volume
duration.
The
primary
outcome
incidence
RP
within
12
hours
Secondary
outcomes
included
24
hours,
time
onset,
first
rescue
analgesia,
scores,
opioid
consumption,
clinical
outcomes,
harms.
observed
21.3%
compared
34.8%
post-surgery
(adjusted
RR,
0.62;
95%
CI,
0.44
0.88;
P
0.008).
onset
significantly
delayed
(unadjusted
HR,
0.60;
0.41
0.009).
numerical
rating
scale
during
activity
physical
therapy
lower
than
(day
1
AM:
unadjusted
difference,
-1;
-1
0;
0.011;
day
PM:
0.003;
therapy:
-2;
-2
<
0.001).
quality
recovery
score
higher
5;
5
satisfaction
1;
effectively
reduces
risk
delays
its
Additionally,
can
reduce
early
levels,
enhance
quality,
improve
patient
satisfaction.
Language: Английский
PROPHYLACTIC KETAMINE: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Biological Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Development and validation of machine learning models for predicting post-cesarean pain and individualized pain management strategies: a multicenter study
S. Lv,
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Ning Sun,
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Chunhui Hao
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et al.
BMC Anesthesiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
25(1)
Published: April 10, 2025
Effective
management
of
postoperative
pain
remains
a
significant
challenge
in
obstetric
care
due
to
the
variability
perception
and
response
influenced
by
physical,
medical,
psychosocial
factors.
Current
standardized
protocols
often
fail
accommodate
this
variability,
necessitating
more
tailored
approaches.
This
study
aims
improve
following
cesarean
sections
developing
personalized
using
machine
learning
(ML)
models.
The
analyzed
efficacy
eight
ML
models,
including
XGBoost,
Random
Forest,
Neural
Networks,
data
from
two
distinct
hospital
cohorts.
Performance
metrics
such
as
Root
Mean
Squared
Error
(RMSE)
Coefficient
Determination
(R²)
were
evaluated
through
internal
external
validations.
SHAP
value
analysis
was
used
identify
key
predictors
influencing
outcomes.
XGBoost
model
demonstrated
superior
performance,
achieving
lowest
RMSE
highest
R².
Key
factors
impacting
included
esketamine
use,
anesthesia
method,
anesthetic
drug
type,
with
significantly
delaying
first
activation
patient-controlled
intravenous
analgesia
(PCIA).
highlights
potential
refine
strategies
care,
suggesting
that
approaches,
particularly
incorporating
specific
methods,
could
enhance
patient
Not
applicable.
Language: Английский
Effect of small dose esketamine on perioperative neurocognitive disorder and postoperative depressive symptoms in elderly patients undergoing major elective noncardiac surgery for malignant tumors: A randomized clinical trial
Cuifang Huang,
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Ruimin Yang,
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Xianlong Xie
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et al.
Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
103(42), P. e40028 - e40028
Published: Oct. 18, 2024
Perioperative
neurocognitive
disorder
and
postoperative
depressive
symptoms
are
significant
complications
after
surgery.
Studies
have
indicated
that
esketamine
possesses
neuroprotective
antidepressant
qualities.
Language: Английский
The optimal esketamine dosage for perioperative depression: A meta-regression
I‐Wen Chen,
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Ting‐Sian Yu,
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Kuo‐Chuan Hung
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et al.
Asian Journal of Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
97, P. 104075 - 104075
Published: May 24, 2024
The effect of esketamine combined with sufentanil based patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for postoperative pain in patients undergoing third molar surgery and maxillofacial trauma: a randomized clinical trial
Xue Li,
No information about this author
Xin He,
No information about this author
Mengya Li
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et al.
BMC Oral Health,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(1)
Published: Dec. 2, 2024
This
study
aims
to
investigate
the
effects
of
combining
esketamine
with
sufentanil
for
postoperative
patient-controlled
intravenous
analgesia
(PCIA)
in
patients
undergoing
elective
impacted
tooth
surgery
or
open
reduction
and
internal
fixation.
In
this
single-center,
prospective,
double-blinded,
randomized,
parallel-controlled
trial,
91
were
randomly
divided
into
two
groups.
The
experimental
group
(group
ES,
n
=
46)
received
a
combination
1.5
µg/kg
1.0
mg/kg,
while
control
S,
45)
2
alone
PCIA
after
surgery.
Primary
outcome
was
assessed
using
Visual
Analogue
Scale
(VAS)
at
rest
during
mouth
opening
6
h,
12
24
48
h
post-surgery.
Secondary
outcomes
included
Ramsay
Sedation
(RSS)
scores,
Quality
Recovery-15
(QoR-15)
patient
satisfaction
analgesia,
occurrence
adverse
events
within
frequency
button
presses
number
requiring
rescue
also
recorded.
resting
VAS
scores
mouth-opening
post-surgery
significantly
lower
Group
ES
than
S
(P
<
0.05).
Additionally,
RSS
higher
0.032)
0.021)
ES.
use
decreased
QoR-15
increased
0.001
P
0.001,
respectively).
incidences
dizziness
nausea/vomiting
reduced
0.045
0.036,
respectively)
but
one
event
nightmare
observed.
There
no
significant
difference
between
combined
third
molar
maxillofacial
trauma
can
alleviate
short-term
pain,
improve
quality
recovery.
Esketamine
is
worth
promoting
clinical
application
oral
retrospectively
registered
chictr.org.cn
identifier:
ChiCTR2400086662
on
08/07/2024.
Language: Английский