Moving infections: individual movement decisions drive disease persistence in spatially structured landscapes

Oikos, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 129(5), P. 651 - 667

Published: Jan. 13, 2020

Understanding host–pathogen dynamics requires realistic consideration of transmission events that, in the case directly transmitted pathogens, result from contacts between susceptible and infected individuals. The corresponding contact rates are usually heterogeneous due to variation individual movement patterns underlying landscape structure. However, epidemiological models, roles that explicit host movements structure play shaping often overlooked. We adapted an established agent‐based model classical swine fever (CSF) wild boar Sus scrofa investigate how representation heterogeneity social groups affects invasion persistence probabilities. simulated both phenomenologically as a correlated random walk (CRW) mechanistically by representing interactions moving individuals with population effect on probability success disease depended remarkably way is fatality ratio associated pathogen strain. probabilities were generally low CRW which ignores feedbacks external factors. Although basic reproduction number R 0 , measure contagiousness infectious disease, was kept constant, these up eight times higher under mechanistic rules, especially landscapes. increased emerged important directed spatial density, distant areas. Our findings underscore importance accounting for context group size structures eco‐epidemiological models. study highlights simulation explicit, behaviour can reverse predictions comparison phenomenological rules such approaches. This have severe consequences when predicting assessing control measures prevent outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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Early Life Experience Shapes Male Behavior and Social Networks in Drosophila

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(3), P. 486 - 501.e3

Published: Nov. 12, 2020

Language: Английский

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A guide to sampling design for GPS‐based studies of animal societies

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 1887 - 1905

Published: Oct. 11, 2022

Abstract GPS‐based tracking is widely used for studying wild social animals. Much like traditional observational methods, using GPS devices requires making a number of decisions about sampling that can affect the robustness study's conclusions. For example, fewer individuals per group across more distinct groups may not be sufficient to infer group‐ or subgroup‐level behaviours, while limits ability draw conclusions populations. Here, we provide quantitative recommendations when designing studies animal societies. We focus on trade‐offs between three fundamental axes effort: (1) coverage—the and allocation among in one groups; (2) duration—the total amount time over which collect data (3) frequency—the temporal resolution at record data. first test tags under field conditions quantify how these aspects design both accuracy (error absolute positional estimates) precision estimate relative position two individuals), demonstrating error have profound effects inferring distances individuals. then use from whole‐group tracked vulturine guineafowl Acryllium vulturinum demonstrate trade‐off frequency duration impact inferences interactions coverage common measures behaviour groups, identifying types are less robust lower Finally, data‐informed simulations extend insights different sizes cohesiveness. Based our results, able offer range strategies address research questions organizational scales systems—from movement network structure collective decision‐making. Our study provides practical advice empiricists navigate their decision‐making processes highlights importance optimal deployment drawing informative

Language: Английский

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Proximity to humans affects local social structure in a giraffe metapopulation

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 90(1), P. 212 - 221

Published: June 8, 2020

Abstract Experimental laboratory evidence suggests that animals with disrupted social systems express weakened relationship strengths and have more exclusive associations, these changes functional consequences. A key question is whether anthropogenic pressures a similar impact on the structure of wild animal communities. We addressed this by constructing network from 6 years systematically collected photographic capture–recapture data spanning 1,139 individual adult female Masai giraffes inhabiting large, unfenced, heterogeneous landscape in northern Tanzania. then used to identify distinct communities, tested or other environmental factors predicted differences among reveal multilevel structure. Local preferences associations individuals scale up number distinct, but spatially overlapping, can be viewed as large interconnected metapopulation. find communities are closer traditional compounds Indigenous people weaker their associations. The patterns we characterize response proximity humans reflect predictions systems. Near bomas, fuelwood cutting reduce food resources, groups likely encounter livestock foot, thus disrupting group members. Our results suggest human presence could potentially playing an important role determining conservation future megaherbivore.

Language: Английский

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Estimating encounter location distributions from animal tracking data

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1158 - 1173

Published: March 26, 2021

Abstract Ecologists have long been interested in linking individual behaviour with higher level processes. For motile species, this ‘upscaling’ is governed by how well any given movement strategy maximizes encounters positive factors and minimizes negative factors. Despite the importance of encounter events for a broad range ecological processes, theory has not kept pace developments animal tracking or modelling. Furthermore, existing work focused primarily on relationship between rates while spatial locations environment remained conspicuously understudied. Here, we bridge gap introducing method describing long‐term location probabilities within home ranges, termed conditional distribution (CDE). We then derive distribution, as confidence intervals, implement its statistical estimator into open‐source software demonstrate relevance distribution. first use simulated data to show our provides asymptotically consistent estimates. general utility three simulation‐based scenarios that occur routinely biological systems: (a) population individuals ranges overlap neighbours; (b) pair hard territorial border their ranges; (c) predator large encompassed multiple prey individuals. Using GPS from white‐faced capuchins Cebus capucinus , tracked Barro Colorado Island, Panama, sleepy lizards Tiliqua rugosa, Bundey, South Australia, CDE can be used estimate borders, identify key resources, quantify potential competitive predatory interactions and/or changes directly result location‐specific probability. The enables researchers better understand dynamics populations interacting Notably, estimation framework developed builds straightforwardly off requires no specialized collection protocols. This now openly available via ctmm R package.

Language: Английский

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Split between two worlds: automated sensing reveals links between above- and belowground social networks in a free-living mammal

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 373(1753), P. 20170249 - 20170249

Published: July 2, 2018

Many animals socialize in two or more major ecological contexts. In nature, these contexts often involve one situation which space is constrained (e.g. shared refuges, sleeping cliffs, nests, dens burrows) and another animal movements are relatively free open spaces lacking architectural constraints). Although it widely recognized that an individual's characteristics may shape its social life, the extent to architecture constrains decisions within between habitats remains poorly understood. Here we developed a novel, automated-monitoring system study effects of personality, life-history stage sex on network structure facultatively mammal, California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi) distinct contexts: aboveground where belowground by burrow architecture. Aboveground networks reflected affiliative interactions whereas associations. Network context (belowground), along with preferential juvenile-adult associations, predicted second (aboveground). positions individuals were generally consistent across years (within contexts) years), suggesting individual personalities behavioural syndromes, respectively, contribute free-living mammals. Direct ties (strength) tended be stronger indirect paths (betweenness centrality) flowed through networks. Belowground, females fostered significantly than did males. Our findings have important potential implications for disease information transmission, offering new insights into multiple factors contributing structures contexts.This article part theme issue 'Interdisciplinary approaches uncovering impacts collective behaviour'.

Language: Английский

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Where should we meet? Mapping social network interactions of sleepy lizards shows sex-dependent social network structure

Animal Behaviour, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 136, P. 207 - 215

Published: Dec. 6, 2017

Language: Английский

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Social networks and the conservation of fish

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Feb. 28, 2022

Abstract Despite our critical dependence on aquatic wildlife, we lack a complete understanding of the drivers population stability and structure for most fish species. Social network analysis has been increasingly used to investigate animal societies as it explicitly links individual decision-making population-level processes demography. While study social is great ecological interest, also potentially important species economic value or conservation concern. To date however, there little focus how are likely influence populations. Here identify applications approach can help address broad themes such structure, biological invasions fisheries management. We discuss burgeoning opportunities offered challenges still faced by current technologies integrate approaches within conservation.

Language: Английский

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Negative associations between parasite avoidance, resistance and tolerance predict host health in salmonid fish populations

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 287(1925), P. 20200388 - 20200388

Published: April 21, 2020

Genetic variation in defence against parasite infections is fundamental for host–parasite evolution. The overall level of a host individual or population includes mechanisms that reduce exposure (avoidance), establishment (resistance) pathogenicity (tolerance). However, how these traits operate and evolve concert not well understood. Here, we investigated genetic associations between avoidance, resistance tolerance natural system. Replicated populations Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) sea trout (an anadromous form brown trout, trutta were raised under common garden conditions infected with the eye fluke Diplostomum pseudospathaceum . We demonstrate significant across negative traits, most resistant showing weakest avoidance lowest infection tolerance. These results are suggestive trade-offs different components possibly underlie observed wild. Because three affect evolution profoundly ways, emphasize importance studying concert.

Language: Английский

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Personality, spatiotemporal ecological variation and resident/explorer movement syndromes in the sleepy lizard

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 91(1), P. 210 - 223

Published: Oct. 22, 2021

Individual variation in movement is profoundly important for fitness and offers key insights into the spatial temporal dynamics of populations communities. Nonetheless, individual fine-scale behaviours rarely examined even though animal tracking devices offer long-term, high-resolution, repeatable data natural conditions that are ideal studying this variation. Furthermore, few studies consider movement, fewer also internal traits environmental factors drive behaviour which necessary contextualising differences patterns. In study, we GPS tracked a free-ranging population sleepy lizards Tiliqua rugosa, each Austral spring over 5 years to examine consistent among-individual patterns, as well how these were mediated by ecological factors. We found individuals consistently differed suite weekly traits, strongly covaried among-individuals, forming syndromes. Lizards fell on primary continuum, from 'residents' spent extended periods time residing within smaller core areas their home range, 'explorers' moved greater distances explored vaster environment. Importantly, lizard related two ecologically personality (boldness aggression), sex, features environment (including food availability, water resource), habitat type seasonal (cool/moist vs. hot/drier) conditions. Broadly, specialisations likely reflect life-history tactics including foraging mating ultimately underlie space use. Such information can be used connect phenotypic structure evolutionary processes, example social networks disease-transmission pathways, further highlighting value examining behaviour.

Language: Английский

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