Territorial behavior as a route of social microbial transmission in an asocial mammal DOI Creative Commons
Lauren Petrullo, Quinn M. R. Webber, Aura Raulo

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 31, 2024

ABSTRACT Microbial transmission is a major benefit of sociality, facilitated by affiliative behaviors such as grooming and communal nesting in group-living animals. The spread microbial symbionts through these pathways, their incorporation into host microbiomes, can enhance health fitness contributing to pathogen protection metabolic flexibility. Are pathways that facilitate transfer across hosts also present animals do not form social groups because territoriality limits interactions prevents group formation? Here, we addressed this question combining longitudinal sampling individual gut communities, demographic data, dynamic behavioral spatial measures from non-social, highly territorial small mammal: wild North American red squirrels ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). As squirrel densities increased, communities became richer more phylogenetically diverse, while among-individual differences composition decreased. This pattern was characterized primarily increases obligately anaerobic non-sporulating taxa with little no tolerance for oxygen-rich environments, suggesting rather than environmental routes transmission. Moreover, intrusions—in which conspecifics were found on within an individual’s space—increased diversity among individuals defending larger spaces. Using intrusion-based network analysis, pairs stronger association (via intrusions) exhibited higher similarity. Taken together, our findings provide some the first evidence non-social species, suggest increased density behavior diversify homogenize despite isolation.

Language: Английский

The impact of kinship composition on social structure DOI Creative Commons

Andre D S Pereira,

Melissa A. Pavez-Fox, Jordan D. A. Hart

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

The relatedness between group members is a potential driver of variation in social structure. Relatedness predicts biases partner choice and formation strong relationships among members. As such, groups that differ their percentage non-kin dyads, i.e., kinship composition, should therefore the structure networks. Yet relationship composition remains unclear. Here, we used long-term pedigree data from population rhesus macaques to investigate connectivity, cohesion, for transmission differentiation networks adult female macaques. We found no evidence composed greater proportion unrelated females with lower non-kin. To this unexpected finding, built agent-based models parameterised empirical further explore (1) expected (2) why did not find such data. Agent-based showed can influence populations similar one studied, but effect may only be detectable sample size even larger than ours (19 group-years) variance (proportion varied 0.830-0.922 data). might more apparent when comparing species strongly organisation, translating into marked differences composition. This emphasises importance reporting existing future deepen our understanding evolution sociality highlights better understand results.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A Natural Disaster Exacerbates and Redistributes Disease Risk Among Free‐Ranging Macaques by Altering Social Structure DOI Open Access
Alba Motes‐Rodrigo, Gregory F. Albery, Josué E. Negrón-Del Valle

et al.

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(1)

Published: Dec. 31, 2024

Climate change is intensifying extreme weather events, with severe implications for ecosystem dynamics. A key behavioural mechanism whereby animals may cope such events by altering their social structure, which in turn could influence epidemic risk. However, how and to what extent natural disasters affect disease risk via changes sociality remains unexplored animal populations. By simulating spread free-living rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) before after a hurricane, we demonstrate doubled pathogen transmission rates up 5 years following the disaster, equivalent an increase infectivity from 10% 20%. Moreover, hurricane redistributed of infection across population exacerbating sex-related differences. Overall, that can amplify redistribute sociality. These observations provide unexpected further mechanisms threaten wildlife health, viability spillover humans.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Territorial behavior as a route of social microbial transmission in an asocial mammal DOI Creative Commons
Lauren Petrullo, Quinn M. R. Webber, Aura Raulo

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 31, 2024

ABSTRACT Microbial transmission is a major benefit of sociality, facilitated by affiliative behaviors such as grooming and communal nesting in group-living animals. The spread microbial symbionts through these pathways, their incorporation into host microbiomes, can enhance health fitness contributing to pathogen protection metabolic flexibility. Are pathways that facilitate transfer across hosts also present animals do not form social groups because territoriality limits interactions prevents group formation? Here, we addressed this question combining longitudinal sampling individual gut communities, demographic data, dynamic behavioral spatial measures from non-social, highly territorial small mammal: wild North American red squirrels ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). As squirrel densities increased, communities became richer more phylogenetically diverse, while among-individual differences composition decreased. This pattern was characterized primarily increases obligately anaerobic non-sporulating taxa with little no tolerance for oxygen-rich environments, suggesting rather than environmental routes transmission. Moreover, intrusions—in which conspecifics were found on within an individual’s space—increased diversity among individuals defending larger spaces. Using intrusion-based network analysis, pairs stronger association (via intrusions) exhibited higher similarity. Taken together, our findings provide some the first evidence non-social species, suggest increased density behavior diversify homogenize despite isolation.

Language: Английский

Citations

0