Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 10
Published: April 10, 2025
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a metabolite of vitamin A, regulates embryogenesis, regeneration, hematopoiesis, differentiation, and apoptosis. It also exerts immunomodulatory effects is used in inflammatory disease models. This study aimed to investigate the paradoxical pro-inflammatory ATRA on eosinophil neutrophil recruitment activation. We thioglycolate- zymosan-induced peritonitis models mice evaluate leukocyte following treatment. The roles inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway were assessed using genetically deficient pharmacological inhibitors. increased total leukocyte, eosinophil, counts peritoneal exudates, enhancing response both thioglycolate zymosan. microenvironment-dependent likely mediated by local release cytokines chemokines. iNOS was required for recruitment, while TNF contributed recruitment. 5-LO essential involvement. These findings suggest that can paradoxically enhance inflammation modulating innate immune cell responses. promotes through iNOS, TNF, 5-LO-dependent pathways, revealing complex mechanisms modulation with potential relevance management.
Language: Английский