Heat Stress in Dairy Cows: Impacts, Identification, and Mitigation Strategies—A Review

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 249 - 249

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Heat stress in animals affects productivity, health, and reproduction, with particularly pronounced effects dairy cows. Identifying heat requires understanding both physiological environmental indicators, such as increased heart rate, respiratory rectal temperature, which reflect the animal’s thermal condition within its environment. Thermoregulation cows involves behavioral adjustments to maintain homeothermy, aiming stabilize their internal state. To assess of animals, machine learning models have been developed, leveraging indicators for more accurate detection. Among various indices environment, Temperature Humidity Index (THI) is most widely used. Cooling strategies environments are essential mitigate stress. One effective approach use evaporative adiabatic cooling combined forced ventilation systems feeding alleys pre-milking holding areas. This method enhances exchanges facilitates dissipation between animal surroundings, thereby alleviating improving welfare productivity

Language: Английский

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Comparison of Effects of Cold and Warm Water Intake in Winter on Growth Performance, Thermoregulation, Rumen Fermentation Parameters, and Microflora of Wandong Bulls (Bos taurus)

Fermentation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 132 - 132

Published: March 8, 2025

Efficient farm practices are crucial for livestock health and performance, cold stress is a major challenge cattle in winter. This study aimed to preliminarily investigate the effects of warm water intake winter on growth thermal indicators, serum hormones metabolites, rumen fermentation parameters, fiber degrading enzyme, microflora yellow during Eight Wandong Bulls (Bos taurus) were divided into two groups: group C, which received (6.36 ± 1.99 °C), E, (32.00 3.12 °C) 30 d. The results showed that significantly increased ADG (p = 0.024) DMI 0.046) decreased 0.047) ratio feed weight gain. Furthermore, heat production, respiratory rate, surface temperature, rectal temperature did not alter with but production value bulls (29.64 vs. 25.76 MJ/W0.75 h−1) compared water. concentrations thyroxine 0.021), urea nitrogen 0.025), glucose 0.011) drinking those NH3-N 0.048), total VFA 0.010), acetate 0.009), propionate cellulase < 0.01), xylanase 0.05) lower C E. Total bacterial abundance, as well specific species including Ruminococcus flavus, albus, Prevotella ruminicola, In conclusion, enhanced performance by influencing energy metabolism, regulating modulating ruminal intake.

Language: Английский

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Effects of corn silage, alfalfa hay, and oat-vetch mixed silage combinations on milk production, rumen fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in high producing dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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A real-time feeding behavior monitoring system for individual yak based on facial recognition model

PeerJ Computer Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10, P. e2427 - e2427

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

Feeding behavior is known to affect the welfare and fattening efficiency of yaks in feedlots. With advancement machine vision sensor technologies, monitoring animal progressively shifting from manual observation towards automated stress-free methodologies. In this study, a real-time detection model for individual yak feeding picking was developed using YOLO series StrongSORT tracking model. we used videos collected 11 raised two pens train face classification with models tracked their The patterns detected trough range were defined as picking, overall performance these described indicators such accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score. improved YOLOv8 Strongsort achieved best performance, F1-score 98.76%, 98.77%, 98.68%, 98.72%, respectively. Yaks which have similar facial features chance being confused one another. A few misidentified because faces obscured by another yak’s head or staff. results showed that behaviors can be accurately models, approach has potential longer-term monitoring. future, dataset various cultivate environments, group sizes, lighting conditions will included. Furthermore, relationship between time weight gain investigated order predict livestock weight.

Language: Английский

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Divergent effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol on enteric methane emissions in Holstein and Brown Swiss cows, and its lack of synergy with Acacia mearnsii tannin extract

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 24, 2024

The objectives of this study were to investigate the combined effects 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and Acacia mearnsii tannin extract (TAN), their interactions with dairy cattle breed [Brown Swiss (BS) vs. Holstein Friesian (HF)], on lactational performance, enteric methane (CH4) emissions. Sixteen multiparous mid-lactation cows, including 8 BS HF cows used in a split-plot design, as main plot. Cows within each subplot arranged replicated 4 x Latin Square design 2 factorial arrangement treatments across four 24-d periods. experimental diets were: 1) CON (basal total mixed ration), 2) 3-NOP (60 mg/kg DM), 3) TAN (3% 4) + TAN. Spot samples urine, feces, gas emissions (via GreenFeed) collected at end period times over 3 days. No Breed observed for DM intake (DMI), milk production, or emissions, except CH4 yield (g/kg DMI) CO2 production. influenced DMI, component yields, consuming 3.7 kg/d more producing 9.3 milk, achieving greater feed efficiency higher yields than cows. Milk energy-corrected (ECM) tended increase but decrease by 3-NOP. fed had 1 lower DMI tendency showed reduction when was alone, yield, ECM, remained unchanged. exhibited 18% urea nitrogen (N) concentration 23.0% urinary N 36.7% fecal excretions percentage daily intake. A interaction production (g/d), 21.7% HF, 13.0% BS. Similarly, there tendencies intensity ECM), reductions 21.8% 23.4%, respectively, compared 11.0% 10.8% In conclusion, no synergistic additive between mitigation. emission mitigating effect pronounced Further research is needed understand breed-specific responses optimize mitigation strategies inclusion national greenhouse inventories.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Animal, Collection Time, and Interval on the Microbiota Structure, Metabolism, and Degradative Potential of Rumen Fluid Inoculum Collected by Esophageal Probe from Hay-Fed Cows

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(23), P. 3547 - 3547

Published: Dec. 9, 2024

Rumen fluid (RF) is the greatest source of uncontrolled inter-assay variations in vitro digestibility tests. This study aimed to investigate effect donor cow (DC) individual variability, time relative feeding, and weekly sampling intervals on RF microbiota structure metabolism, its degradative capacity expressed as enzymatic activity (EA). was collected using an esophageal probe from 4 Holstein hay-fed DCs before 8 h post-feeding, over 3 days with one-week intervals, for a total weeks. bacteriome ß-diversity affected by interval but not feeding. However, volatile fatty acids NDF DM were altered based DCs. Propionic, lactic, butyric consistent between weeks, some lactic after Amylase cellulase activities fluctuated while xylanase increased at feeding (

Language: Английский

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