Higher accumulation of mitragynine in Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) leaves affected by insect attack

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. e0320941 - e0320941

Published: April 29, 2025

Kratom leaves are widely consumed by locals to increase their stamina for working longer hours in the field. However, insect damage can lead significant loss of leaf harvest. Despite this, there remains considerable uncertainty regarding how herbivory attack affects chemical composition kratom’s metabolome. In this study, we investigated effect on secondary metabolites (SMs) kratom leaves, using untargeted metabolomics as well accumulation mitragynine and relation traits. The presence diverse herbivore species were observed indicated three orders insects including Coleoptera (beetles), Lepidoptera (butterflies moths) Hemiptera (true bug). A higher was a defense mechanism against herbivores, with study also finding correspondence between increased levels elevated acidity. difference key (cearoin, 8-hydroxy-8-(3-octyloxiran-2-yl) octanoic acid, 2,3,5,7-tetramethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene) that have interesting therapeutic usage, non-insect influence interaction herbivory. conclusion, these findings highlight potential manage modulate alkaloid kratom, offering sustainable approach preserves biodiversity while naturally boosting plant’s defense.

Language: Английский

Insights into the role of bioactive plants for lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus parasite

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 12, 2025

Bioactive plants provide therapeutic and prophylactic effects to ruminants. We determined the effect of grazing on natural meadow grassland enriched with experimentally sown chicory ( Cichorium intybus ) parasitological status, pasture larval infectivity, antioxidant parameters, histology abomasal tissue in lambs infected parasitic gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) Haemonchus contortus. also qualitatively identified main polyphenols phenolic metabolites feces lambs. Sixteen were orally approximately 5,000 infective larvae (L3) H. contortus . The divided into two groups: a plot consisting exclusively which serves as control group where 25% was reclaimed chicory. experimental period 144 days. number eggs per gram (EPG) quantified D21, D34, D48, D62, D76, D89, D103, D118, D131, D144 post-infection. Pasture contamination L3 examined. EPG both groups highest at D34. Egg shedding significantly lower from D48 onwards, reduction >95% D103 onwards. D41 but then groups. total capacity, activity glutathione peroxidase concentration malondialdehyde serum changed during experiment p < 0.003, 0.001, 0.016, respectively). At least 54 species plots; plant bioactive compounds mainly acids, flavonoids, glucosides. Phenolic (e.g., coumaric acid, salvigenin, esters gallic acid) In some lambs, morphological observation small histopathological changes tissues typical hemonchosis. Both slowed dynamics GIN infection by mobilizing defensive system gradually increasing resistance probably due beneficial substances.

Language: Английский

Changes in Climate and Their Implications for Cattle Nutrition and Management

Climate, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 1 - 1

Published: Dec. 24, 2024

Climate change is a global challenge that impacts rangeland and pastureland landscapes by inducing shifts in temperature variability, precipitation patterns, extreme weather events. These changes alter soil plant conditions, reducing forage availability chemical composition leading to nutritional stress cattle. This occurs when animals lack adequate water feed sources or these resources are insufficient quantity, composition, nutrient balance. Several strategies essential address impacts. Genetic selection, epigenetic biomarkers, exploration of memories present promising avenues for enhancing the resilience cattle populations improving adaptation environmental stresses. Remote sensing GIS technologies assist locating wet spots establish islands diversity high quality grazing amid ongoing climate challenges. Establishing functional improves quality, reduces carbon nitrogen footprints, provides nutrients bioactives, thus health, welfare, productivity. Real-time GPS collars coupled with accelerometers provide detailed data on movement activity, aiding livestock nutrition management while mitigating heat stress. Integrating may offer significant advantages facing changing world securing future production food system.

Language: Английский