Silymarin and Inflammation: Food for Thoughts

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 98 - 98

Published: Jan. 14, 2024

Inflammation is a vital defense mechanism, creating hostile conditions for pathogens, preventing the spread of tissue infection and repairing damaged tissues in humans animals. However, when inflammation resolution delayed or compromised as result its misregulation, process proceeds from acute phase to chronic inflammation, leading development various illnesses. It proven that redox balance disturbances oxidative stress are among major factors inducing NF-κB over-inflammation. Therefore, anti-inflammatory properties natural antioxidants have been widely tested vitro vivo systems. Accumulating evidence indicates silymarin (SM) main constituent silibinin/silybin (SB) great potential an anti-inflammation agent. The mechanism SM/SB action attributed inhibition TLR4/NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways downregulated expression pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, CCL4, CXCL10, etc. Of note, same model systems, was able upregulate cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β, etc.) lipid mediators involved inflammation. inflammatory were clearly demonstrated systems based on immune (macrophages monocytes) non-immune (epithelial, skin, bone, connective cancer) cells. At time, confirmed number models, toxicity nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, ischemia/reperfusion stress-induced injuries, ageing exercising wound healing many other relevant seems likely activities key elements health-promoting these phytochemicals.

Language: Английский

---

Mitigating Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): The Role of Bioactive Phytoconstituents in Indian Culinary Spices

Current Nutrition Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Adult Asian Indians with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 103209 - 103209

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Altered Mitochondrial Function in MASLD: Key Features and Promising Therapeutic Approaches

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 906 - 906

Published: July 26, 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty (NAFLD), encompasses a range of conditions from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH). Its prevalence, especially among patients with metabolic syndrome, highlights its growing global impact. The pathogenesis MASLD involves dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, genetic factors and, notably, mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent studies underscore the critical role dysfunction in MASLD's progression. Therapeutically, enhancing function has gained interest, along lifestyle changes and pharmacological interventions targeting processes. FDA's approval resmetirom for metabolic-associated (MASH) fibrosis marks significant step. While represents progress, further research is essential understand MASLD-related fully. Innovative strategies like gene editing small-molecule modulators, alongside interventions, can potentially improve treatment. Drug repurposing new targets will advance therapy, addressing increasing burden. Therefore, this review aims provide better understanding identify more effective preventive treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

---

Are alterations needed in Silybum marianum (Silymarin) administration practices? A novel outlook and meta-analysis on randomized trials targeting liver injury

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 12, 2025

It is widely believed that Silybum marianum (Silymarin) alleviates liver injury arising from various etiologies with different degrees of damage through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This meta-analysis investigated the effects silymarin administration on serum levels enzymes including AST, ALT ALP. From inception to November, 2023, a comprehensive literature search was conducted. Inclusion criteria for this study were randomized trials provided sufficient data each group at beginning end follow-up period. Ultimately, 55 studies total 3545 patients included. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) V4 software used meta-analysis. Begg's funnel plot symmetry status, rank correlation, Egger's weighted regression tests examine potential publication bias. According findings showed significant reduction in AST (SMD [95% CI]: - 0.670 [- 0.931, 0.408], p-value = 0.000), 0.912 1.177, 0.646], 0.000) levels. While it had no statistically effect ALP level 0.236 1.929, 1.458], 0.159). Meta-regression analysis there association between dose, age, BMI, treatment duration hepatoprotective silymarin. In subgroup analysis, greater observed under 50 years old. The also decrease BMI less than 30, while ≥ 30. Silymarin dose 400 mg ≤ 2 months decreasing compared high doses longer duration. significantly decreased NAFLD viral hepatitis, drugs induced alcohol-related disease. Modifying recommended causes damage.

Language: Английский

---

Combining nutraceuticals and a mediterranean diet for managing metabolic dysfunction associated with steatotic liver disease

World Journal of Hepatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4)

Published: April 25, 2025

This study was performed by Cano Contreras et al, who explored the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and Silybum marianum (SM) supplementation combined with a mediterranean diet (MD) on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The randomized controlled design use transient elastography provide methodological strengths, whereas focus Mexican cohort addresses critical gap in regional MASLD research. Although improvements visceral fat attenuation parameters (CAP) were observed, key markers, including transaminases lipid profiles, showed no significant changes, raising concerns about intervention's comprehensive impact. reliance CAP absence mechanistic biomarker analysis limit insights into antioxidant anti-inflammatory pathways ALA SM. Future research should explore synergistic other nutraceuticals, such as vitamin E polyphenols, include extended follow-up patient stratification to assess long-term benefits personalized therapeutic outcomes. Addressing these limitations could solidify role nutraceuticals management enable development more effective sustainable interventions.

Language: Английский

---

JiGuCao capsule formula alleviates metabolic fatty liver disease by regulating the gut–liver axis and lipid metabolism

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 140, P. 156559 - 156559

Published: March 5, 2025

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a prevalent chronic condition globally, characterized by suboptimal treatment outcomes. Traditional therapies often fail to address the multifaceted pathogenesis of MAFLD, which involves lipid metabolism, inflammation, and gut-liver axis dysregulation. JiGuCao Capsule formula (JCF), patented Chinese medicine, has demonstrated clinical efficacy in treatment, indicating its potential as new therapeutic option for MAFLD. This study aimed investigate effects underlying mechanisms JCF treating particularly focusing on impact pathology, intestinal health, gut microbiota composition. A MAFLD mouse model was developed administering high-fat diet 5% fructose water 16 weeks. At week 8, mice exhibited significant steatosis, insulin resistance. Fifty were allocated into two groups: normal (ND) group with 19 feed (HFD) 31 mice. Seven from each sacrificed at 8 serological histopathological assessments. The remaining ND (n = 6), HFD + JCFL (human equivalent dose,780 mg/kg, n JCFH (threefold human dose, 2340 Polyene Phosphatidylcholine (PPC) dose,177.84 6) ND+ groups. Daily gavage started 9. 16, after fasting, body weight recorded, euthanized pentobarbital sodium. Mouse tissues feces collected histopathological, molecular biological, multi-omics analyses. effectively slowed progression decreasing hepatic accumulation inflammation. Treatment significantly reduced triglycerides inflammatory markers, including TNF-α IL-6. enhanced repaired barrier, lowered cytokines intestines, indicated serum LPS restored tight junction proteins expression, such claudin-1 occludin. Fecal analysis that elevated Lactobacillus levels Colidextribacter levels, correlating metabolic profiles. primary bioactive compounds identified responsible these betulinic acid, cholic deoxycholic oleanolic pectolinarigenin. Transcriptomic showed regulated key pathways involved pparγ-cd36 modulation ox-LDL levels. results indicate mitigates influencing metabolism. alleviates modulating Its involve improving barrier function, regulating microbiota, targeting axis. Active like acid support potential. shows promise novel further studies needed.

Language: Английский

---

A Comprehensive Review of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Its Mechanistic Development Focusing on Methylglyoxal and Counterbalancing Treatment Strategies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2394 - 2394

Published: March 7, 2025

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in the which dysregulates organ’s function. The key contributor to MASLD development insulin resistance (IR) affects many organs (including adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, and liver), whereas molecular background associated with oxidative, nitrosative, carbonyl stress. Among molecules responsible for stress effects, methylglyoxal (MGO) seems play major pathological MGO—a by-product of glycolysis, fructolysis, lipolysis (from glycerol fatty acids-derived ketone bodies)—is implicated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases. Its causative effect stimulation prooxidative proinflammatory pathways has been well documented. Since metabolic dysregulation leading these pathologies promotes MASLD, role MGO addressed this review. Potential participation mechanism discussed regard its different signaling routes events accelerating disorder. Moreover, treatment strategies including approved potential therapies are overviewed them, medications aimed at attenuating MGO-induced processes addressed.

Language: Английский

---

Clinical Insights into Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids: An Update

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 956 - 956

Published: March 9, 2025

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a significant global health issue related to serious metabolic disorders. However, effective pharmacological treatments are still limited. Flavonoids, wide group of polyphenol substances, exert anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects in preclinical data. Thus, implementing these research findings clinical practice could significantly help manage NAFLD its consequences. This narrative review assesses the therapeutic potential flavonoids managing NAFLD. The collected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meta-analyses RCTs from past five years concerning impact on A total 20 studies were selected according predetermined inclusion criteria, comprising thirteen seven meta-analyses. underscores beneficial management through enhancement lipid metabolism, reduction hepatic steatosis, provision actions. Clinical demonstrate that interventions rich flavonoids, including quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate, naringenin, isoflavones, substantially reduce fat content enhance enzyme profiles, with certain compounds exhibiting superior efficacy particular subgroups, such as older adults females. Nonetheless, whereas therapies diminish their effect fibrosis constrained. To sum up, exhibit supplementary for by enhancing function, inflammation. Additional extensive necessary create uniform treatment methods ascertain long-term advantages.

Language: Английский

---

Resmetirom: The First Disease‐Specific Treatment for MASH

International Journal of Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

In 2023, the medical terminology for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and NA SteatoHepatitis (NASH) was updated to Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated SteatoticLiver (MASLD) MA (MASH). This review highlights critical epidemiological, pathophysiological, therapeutic aspects of MASH, focusing on novel treatment option, resmetirom. Resmetirom, a thyroid hormone receptor‐beta (THR‐β) agonist, specifically targets liver function simulate localized hyperthyroidism, effectively reducing lipid accumulation fibrosis without systemic effects commonly associated with therapy. Clinical trials, particularly pivotal MAESTRO‐NASH trial, have demonstrated significant improvements in health metrics, achieving primary endpoints by resolving MASH worsening showing favorable safety profile. paper reviews mechanism action, efficacy, resmetirom, providing insight into its potential change landscape patients suffering from MASH.

Language: Английский

---