Preparation of slow-release fertilizer derived from rice husk silica, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and paper composite coated urea.

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. e42036 - e42036

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

There is a growing trend toward utilizing agricultural waste to create value-added products, addressing environmental concerns associated with their disposal. This study focuses on developing slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) using amorphous silica derived from rice husk, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), paper, and urea. Experimental optimization was carried out the response surface methodology central composite design (RSM-CCD). The optimal formulation included 8.63 g of silica, 1.04 HPMC, 0.27 PVA. Two SRFs were prepared under these conditions: SRF1, consisting PVA, SRF2, which additionally incorporated coated paper. Characterization techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis used examine materials. rice-husk-derived exhibited pore size 2.140 nm BET area 690 m2/g, providing an excellent for nutrient encapsulation. Although addition paper minimally influenced behaviour however other components effectively reduced leakage by trapping nutrients. swelling analyzed in different media after 72 h, showing values 2.66, 2.54 (g/g) distilled water, 2.20, 2.58 pH 4, 1.86, 3.09 9 solutions. kinetics aligned Scott's second-order kinetic model. Urea release tests water revealed 94 % 97 at 24 h SRF1 respectively, compared 98 pure urea within 1 h. SRF2 demonstrated 48 followed first-order model both highlighting potential effective fertilizers.

Language: Английский

Recent Advances in Organic Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage: A Review on Sustainable Development Applications

International Journal of Thermophysics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 46(6)

Published: April 29, 2025

Language: Английский