Infections during novel myeloma therapies DOI
Alice Liu, Monica A. Slavin, Simon J. Harrison

et al.

Leukemia & lymphoma/Leukemia and lymphoma, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 13

Published: Nov. 18, 2024

New generation therapies such as bispecific antibodies (BsAb), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR T) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) have revolutionized the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). However, there is emerging evidence increased infection risk associated with these treatments in clinical trials observational settings. This may be mediated by on-target, off-tumor side effects cytokine release syndrome, hypogammaglobulinaemia cytopenias, disease-related humoral impairment consequences previous lines treatment. While bacterial viral pathogens predominate, reactivation latent opportunistic infections also warrant attention. review characterizes epidemiology novel for RRMM to guide prophylaxis antimicrobial prescribing this patient population highlights future areas focus inform ongoing prevention strategies.

Language: Английский

Next-Generation Therapeutic Antibodies for Cancer Treatment: Advancements, Applications, and Challenges DOI
A. Raja,

Abhishek Kasana,

Vaishali Verma

et al.

Molecular Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Leptomeningeal metastasis and cancer immunotherapy DOI

Rob Smeyers,

Alia Fazal-Salom,

Ján Remšík

et al.

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Immune Cell Interplay in the Fight Against GBM DOI Open Access

Nico Vallieri,

Angeliki Datsi

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 817 - 817

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Despite multimodal therapies, the treatment of glioblastoma remains challenging. In addition to very complex mechanisms cancer cells, including specialized phenotypes that enable them proliferate, invade tissues, and evade immunosurveillance, they exhibit a pronounced resistance chemo- radiotherapy. More advanced tumors create hypoxic environment supports their proliferation survival, while robust angiogenesis ensures constant supply nutrients. GBM, these structures are contribute creation maintenance highly immunosuppressive microenvironment promotes tumor growth immune escape. addition, high accumulation tumor-infiltrating leukocytes other expression checkpoint molecules, low mutational burden, i.e., number neoantigens, hallmarks GBM challenge therapeutic approaches. Here, we review exploits support potential treatments. These include new chemotherapeutics, treating fields, small compounds targeting or blockers tyrosine kinases inhibit cell survival. focus on immunotherapies such as blockade in particular vaccination with dendritic cells CAR-T which can either kill directly bypass immunosuppression by modulating boosting patient's own response.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
T cells in the microenvironment of solid pediatric tumors: the case of neuroblastoma DOI Creative Commons
Enrico Maggi, Nadine Landolina, Enrico Munari

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Neuroblastoma (NB) is an immunologically “cold” tumor with poor or no inflamed substrates as most of solid pediatric tumors (SPT). Consistent data indicate that NB microenvironment (TME) dominated by myeloid cells, little (but variable) T cell infiltration. The obstacles to lymphocyte infiltration and their anti-tumor activity are due different immune evasion strategies, including loss HLA Class I molecules, high expression checkpoint molecular ligands leading exhaustion effector (and NK) induction regulatory, stromal cells secretion immunosuppressive mediators. In odds adult tumors, displays weak immunogenicity caused intrinsic low mutational burden scant neoepitopes in the context MHC-class antigens which, turn, particularly poorly expressed on thus inducing responses. addition, generated from embryonal result transcriptional abnormalities not accumulation genetic mutations over time, further explaining immunogenicity. immunogenic molecules associated production factors which downregulate activity, limited efficacy new drugs NB, inhibitors. This review focused examining role regulatory infiltrating TME taking into account repertoire, phenotype, function, plasticity and, importantly, predictive value for defining novel targets therapy.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Mechanistic insights into resistance mechanisms to T cell engagers DOI Creative Commons
Liping Cao,

Gabrielle Leclercq-Cohen,

Christian Klein

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 22, 2025

T cell engagers (TCEs) represent a groundbreaking advancement in the treatment of B and plasma malignancies are emerging as promising therapeutic approach for solid tumors. These molecules harness cells to bind eliminate cancer cells, effectively bypassing need antigen-specific recognition. Despite their established clinical efficacy, subset patients is either refractory TCE (e.g. primary resistance) or develops resistance during course therapy acquired treatment-induced resistance). In this review we comprehensively describe mechanisms TCEs, occurring both preclinical models trials with particular emphasis on cellular molecular pathways underlying process. We classify these into tumor intrinsic extrinsic ones. Tumor encompass changes within that impact cell-mediated cytotoxicity, including antigen loss, expression immune checkpoint inhibitory ligands intracellular render resistant killing. involve factors external presence an immunosuppressive microenvironment (TME) reduced functionality. further propose actionable strategies overcome offering potential avenues enhancing efficacy clinic.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Regulatory T Cells in Tumor Microenvironment: Therapeutic Approaches and Clinical Implications DOI
Niti Sureka, Sufian Zaheer

Cell Biology International, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 14, 2025

ABSTRACT Regulatory T cells (Tregs), previously referred to as suppressor cells, represent a distinct subset of CD4+ that are uniquely specialized for immune suppression. They characterized by the constitutive expression transcription factor FoxP3 in their nuclei, along with CD25 (the IL‐2 receptor α‐chain) and CTLA‐4 on cell surface. Tregs not only restrict natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity but also inhibit proliferation CD8+ T‐cells suppress interferon‐γ secretion ultimately impairing an effective antitumor response. Treg widely recognized significant barrier effectiveness tumor immunotherapy clinical settings. Extensive research has consistently shown play pivotal role facilitating initiation progression. Conversely, depletion been linked marked delay growth development.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Regulatory Mechanisms, Functions, and Therapeutic Implications DOI Open Access
Angela Dalia Ricci, Alessandro Rizzo,

Annalisa Schirizzi

et al.

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(20), P. 3542 - 3542

Published: Oct. 20, 2024

Treatment options for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), a highly malignant tumor with poor prognosis, are limited. Recent developments in immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have offered new hope treating iCCA. However, several issues remain, including the identification of reliable biomarkers response to ICIs immune-based combinations. Tumor microenvironment (TIME) these hepatobiliary tumors has been evaluated is under assessment this setting order boost efficacy convert immunologically "cold" "hot" tumors. Herein, review TIME ICCA its critical function immunotherapy. Moreover, paper also discusses potential avenues future research, novel targets emerging treatment plans aimed increase effectiveness survival rates iCCA patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Bispecific T-Cell Engagers (BiTEs) in Immunotherapy DOI
Mohsen Sheykhhasan,

Anita Silas La’ah,

Amirhossein Ahmadieh-Yazdi

et al.

Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 205 - 234

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) is a novel subclass of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (bulbs) that are promising for the treatment cancer. BiTEs direct cytotoxic activity towards malignant cells, resulting in targeted destruction tumor cells. This chapter provides an overview current landscape BiTE therapy, highlighting its efficacy hematologic malignancies such as B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and exploring potential applications solid tumors. Additionally, challenges immunogenicity, stability, off-target effects were discussed, alongside ongoing efforts to overcome these obstacles through protein engineering combination therapies. Future directions therapy include optimizing delivery methods strategies. Overall, represents approach cancer treatment, with revolutionize immunotherapy improve patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Infections during novel myeloma therapies DOI
Alice Liu, Monica A. Slavin, Simon J. Harrison

et al.

Leukemia & lymphoma/Leukemia and lymphoma, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 13

Published: Nov. 18, 2024

New generation therapies such as bispecific antibodies (BsAb), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR T) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) have revolutionized the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). However, there is emerging evidence increased infection risk associated with these treatments in clinical trials observational settings. This may be mediated by on-target, off-tumor side effects cytokine release syndrome, hypogammaglobulinaemia cytopenias, disease-related humoral impairment consequences previous lines treatment. While bacterial viral pathogens predominate, reactivation latent opportunistic infections also warrant attention. review characterizes epidemiology novel for RRMM to guide prophylaxis antimicrobial prescribing this patient population highlights future areas focus inform ongoing prevention strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

0