Soil organic carbon accumulation mechanisms in soil amended with straw and biochar: entombing effect or biochemical protection?

Biochar, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Abstract Converting crop residues into biochar and subsequently incorporating it soils is a promising strategy to improve carbon sequestration in agroecosystems. However, differences the potential mechanisms for soil organic (SOC) accumulation between its feedstock materials remain unclear. This study performed nine-year field experiment involving four treatments Mollisol: mineral fertilizers alone combined with maize straw or biochar, control without amendments. The main objectives of this were assess how incorporation influence SOC content, chemical composition, microbial necromass (MNC) community characteristics. Compared alone, significantly ( P < 0.05) increased while (40.5% increase) had more pronounced effects than (23.7% increase). Similarly, both MNC content boosted biomass, but impact did biochar. Additionally, markedly aromaticity by 26.6% 0.05), reduced 2.85% > 0.05). Fungi, rather bacteria, played crucial role increasing through their inputs under incorporation. Our results demonstrated that enhanced primarily entombing effect necromass, biochemical protection from recalcitrant aromatic carbon. present findings provide valuable insight practices lead maximize sequestration. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Idiosyncratic responses to biotic and environmental filters in wood‐inhabiting fungal communities

Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 106(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Quantification of different processes affecting the assembly ecological communities remains challenging, especially in species-rich communities. While role environmental filtering has generally been well established, fewer studies have experimentally shown how other processes, such as biotic filtering, structure Here, we studied relative roles and colonization wood-inhabiting fungi, a species-rich, highly interactive, environment-sensitive group species. We conducted field experiment where simulated with inoculations nine fungal species habitat patches (i.e., logs) varying abiotic conditions. characterized local resident before success inoculated after one two years using DNA metabarcoding. asked what determined by comparing predictive performance alternative models. These models included either only predictors physical log properties) or additionally aspects richness, community composition, amount) predictors. all successfully colonized logs, rate factors explaining their varied among The four was explained mostly variables, while three influential from presence individual to collective multiple Finally, for species, showed poor performance. Our results indicate may jointly Overall, show that vary idiosyncratically response factors, highlighting need consider complexity species-level responses when predicting community-level changes.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of biochar-based organic fertilizers enhancing maize yield on a Chinese Chernozem: Root traits, soil quality and soil microorganisms

Environmental Technology & Innovation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36, P. 103756 - 103756

Published: July 18, 2024

The Chinese Chernozems face extreme challenges of soil degradation and crop productivity decline. Biochar-based organic fertilizer (BOF) is effectively applied to improve yield quality. Nonetheless, the mechanisms involved in enhancement interaction with root traits, quality, microorganisms after BOF application remain unclear. Herein, a two-year field experiment three rates [3.0 Mg ha−1 (BOF3), 6.0 (BOF6), 9.0 (BOF9)] was conducted evaluate impact on microorganisms, no as control treatment (CK). Compared CK, increased maize by 9.1 ∼ 32.0 % second year application, highest (16.1 ha−1) obtained BOF6. plant growth index 29.7 98.9 %, mainly attributed increase volume (2.4 57.4 %), aboveground biomass (31.4 44.0 nitrogen (N) uptake (123.2 216.0 %). quality not only topsoil (27.7 31.1 %) but also subsoil (22.7 25.1 BOF, particularly two (BOF6 BOF9). This ascribed notable microbial carbon, total N, NH4+-N, N-acquiring enzyme activity (normalized leucine aminopeptidase alkaline phosphatase). Moreover, abundance Actinobacteria, Mortierellomycota at 0–40 cm, Chloroflexi 0–20 Acidobacteriota, Ascomycota 20–40 which confirmed their key roles activating nutrient subsequent enhancing stimulating growth. Overall, biochar-based rate promising regime enhance regulating keystone taxa, thereby boosting Chernozem soil.

Language: Английский

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Microbial Dynamics, Metabolite Profiles, and Chemical Composition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus Co-Culture During Solid-State Fermentation

Food Bioscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 105849 - 105849

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Effect of microbial fertilizers on soil microbial community structure in rotating and continuous cropping Glycyrrhiza uralensis

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Glycyrrhiza uralensis is a perennial medicinal plant. It's generally cultivated for three years, and should avoid long-term continuous cultivation. However, unreasonable crop rotation extensive fertilization are common in G. cultivation, which leads to the imbalance of soil microflora structure, obstacle cropping becoming increasingly serious. Some microbial fertilizers such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, subtilis, complex agent have advantage regulating community structure improving environment. Therefore, these kinds were applied their effects on microorganisms studied. Combine with conventional rotating uralensis. High-throughput sequencing technology was used determine richness, diversity distribution Continuous reduced bacterial by 7.56% increased fungal richness 17.01% compared rotation. after application fertilizers, significantly 4.76%~20.96%, 7.22%~12.03% 6.75%~11.69% respective controls, respectively. dominant bacteria mainly include Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria Gemmatimonadota, fungi Ascomycota, Basidiomycota Zygomycota. The activity process communities through carbohydrate metabolism amino acid synthesis pathway metabolism. relative abundance 3.11~11.54 percentage points, 1.57~8.93 control. Of had most significant optimizing Conclusion: effect different better than rotation, best, has more value development prospect cultivation management

Language: Английский

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Quantitative soil indicators for identifying primary stressors in fruit tree decline: a case study on kiwifruit vine decline syndrome

Applied Soil Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 206, P. 105887 - 105887

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

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Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Carbon Pump Promote Carbon Storage by Influencing Bacterial Communities Under Nitrogen-Rich Conditions in Tea Plantation

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 238 - 238

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Carbon–nitrogen (C-N) coupling is a fundamental concept in ecosystem ecology. Long-term excessive fertilization tea plantations has caused soil C-N imbalance, leading to ecological issues. Understanding under nitrogen loading essential for sustainable management, yet the mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined plantation soils five regimes: no fertilization, chemical fertilizer, + organic cake microbial and biochar. Fertilization mainly increased particulate carbon (POC) inorganic nitrogen, driven by changes bacterial community composition function. Mixed treatments enhanced association between communities properties, increasing complexity without altering overall trends. Fungal had minor influence on dynamics. Microbial necromass (MNC) pump (MCP) efficacy, representing long-term storage potential, showed minimal responses short-term fertilization. However, accumulation coefficient (NAC) was nitrogen-sensitive, indicating responses. PLS-PM analysis revealed consistent across treatments, where influenced through enzyme activity MCP, while directly affected storage. These findings provide insights precise management practices climate change.

Language: Английский

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Composition, Influencing Factors, and Effects on Host Nutrient Metabolism of Fungi in Gastrointestinal Tract of Monogastric Animals

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 710 - 710

Published: March 1, 2025

Intestinal fungi, collectively referred to as mycobiota, constitute a small (0.01-2%) but crucial component of the overall intestinal microbiota. While fungi are far less abundant than bacteria in gut, volume an average fungal cell is roughly 100-fold greater that bacterial cell. They play vital role nutrient metabolism and maintaining health. The composition spatial organization mycobiota vary across different animal species influenced by multitude factors, including age, diet, host's physiological state. At present, quantitative research on monogastric animals remains scarce, investigations into mechanisms underlying their metabolic functions also relatively restricted. This review delves distribution characteristics Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kazachstania slooffiae, animals, factors influencing composition, consequent impacts host objective offer insights for deeper understanding nutritional significance explore which they affect health relation inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diarrhea, obesity. Through systematic evaluation functional contributions, this shifts our perception from overlooked commensals key components gut ecosystem dynamics, emphasizing potential personalized control regulation enhancement prevention treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Impact of Coconut Peat and Vermiculite on the Rhizosphere Microbiome of Pre-Basic Seed Potatoes under Soilless Cultivation Conditions

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 584 - 584

Published: March 14, 2024

Soilless cultivation of potatoes often utilizes organic coconut peat and inorganic vermiculite as growing substrates. The unique microbial communities physicochemical characteristics inherent to each substrate significantly influence the microecological environment crucial for potato growth breeding. This study analyzed environmental factors within employed Illumina sequencing alongside bioinformatics tools examine community structures, their correlation with factors, core functions, dynamics networks across various samples. These included pure (CP1) (V1), substrates mixed fertilizer three days (CP2 V2), combinations cultivated 50 (CP3, V3, CV3—a 1:1 mix fertilizer). Vermiculite naturally hosts a more diverse community. After mixing composting 3 days, cultivation, fungal diversity decreased in both Coconut maintains higher bacterial richness compared vermiculite, harboring beneficial bacteria fungi, resulting complex network. However, shows lower richness, an accumulation pathogenic microorganisms. Among 11 tested, water-soluble nitrogen (WSN), total (TN), available potassium (AK), carbon (TOC) air-filled porosity (AFP) were associated succession substrate.The nutritional type composition interaction patterns indigenous microorganisms differ between peat. Adding abundant nutrients affects stability entire community, even post-potato cultivation. When using soilless precise control adjustment nutrient addition quantity frequency are essential.

Language: Английский

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Potassium Fulvic Acid and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Amendments Affect Watermelon Substrate Properties and Seedling Growth

Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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