In vitro immunotoxic evaluation of herbicides in RAW 264.7 cells

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 14

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Weeds are a concern in agriculture and the use of herbicides constitutes an effective, efficient, economical way to control their growth. Recent discoveries promising for management resistant weeds. However, there is gap knowledge toxic effects some previously reported on immune cells. The present study aimed examine cellular immunotoxicity three (clomazone, glyphosate, sulfentrazone) after 96 hr incubation utilizing RAW 264.7 BALB/c mouse monocyte/macrophage-like cell line elucidate role toxicological pathways. Data demonstrated clomazone, sulfentrazone initiated cytotoxic effect as evidenced by EC50 values 429.2; 53.7; 866.6 mg/L, respectively. Clomazone sulfentrazone, at all concentrations, induced excess production reactive oxygen (ROS) nitrogen (RNS) free radicals. An immunosuppression was observed cells with 50 or 100 mg/L glyphosate 500 1000 sulfentrazone. In addition, produced mitochondrial depolarization decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. This first report clomazone cells, including reduced TNF-α levels, indicating adverse influence system.

Language: Английский

Exposure to glyphosate causes hypoxia in crustaceans by targeting hemocyanin

Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 742314 - 742314

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский