Journal of Neuroscience Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
102(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
Abstract
Synapses
serve
as
the
points
of
communication
between
neurons,
consisting
primarily
three
components:
presynaptic
membrane,
synaptic
cleft,
and
postsynaptic
membrane.
They
transmit
signals
through
release
reception
neurotransmitters.
Synaptic
plasticity,
ability
synapses
to
undergo
structural
functional
changes,
is
influenced
by
proteins
such
growth‐associated
proteins,
vesicle
density
neurotrophic
growth
factors.
Furthermore,
maintaining
plasticity
consumes
more
than
half
brain's
energy,
with
a
significant
portion
this
energy
originating
from
ATP
generated
mitochondrial
metabolism.
Consequently,
quantity,
distribution,
transport,
function
mitochondria
impact
stability
brain
metabolism,
thereby
participating
in
regulation
fundamental
processes
including
neuronal
differentiation,
neurite
outgrowth,
synapse
formation,
neurotransmitter
release.
This
article
provides
comprehensive
overview
associated
common
factors
two,
well
relationship
metabolism
plasticity.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Feb. 2, 2024
Osteoporosis
(OP)
is
a
systemic
skeletal
disorder
characterized
by
reduced
bone
mass
and
structural
deterioration
of
tissue,
resulting
in
heightened
vulnerability
to
fractures
due
increased
fragility.
This
condition
primarily
arises
from
an
imbalance
between
the
processes
resorption
formation.
Mitochondrial
dysfunction
has
been
reported
potentially
constitute
one
most
crucial
mechanisms
influencing
pathogenesis
osteoporosis.
In
essence,
mitochondria
play
role
maintaining
delicate
equilibrium
formation
resorption,
thereby
ensuring
optimal
health.
Nevertheless,
disruption
this
balance
can
arise
as
consequence
mitochondrial
dysfunction.
dysfunctional
mitochondria,
electron
transport
chain
(ETC)
becomes
uncoupled,
ATP
synthesis
generation
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS).
Reinforcement
further
exacerbated
accumulation
aberrant
mitochondria.
review,
we
investigated
analyzed
correlation
dysfunction,
encompassing
DNA
(mtDNA)
alterations,
oxidative
phosphorylation
(OXPHOS)
impairment,
mitophagy
dysregulation,
defects
biogenesis
dynamics,
well
excessive
ROS
accumulation,
with
regards
OP
(
Figure
1
).
Furthermore,
explore
prospective
strategies
currently
available
for
modulating
ameliorate
Undoubtedly,
certain
therapeutic
still
require
investigation
ensure
their
safety
efficacy
clinical
treatments.
However,
perspective,
potential
establishing
effective
safe
approaches
osteoporosis
appears
promising.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Jan. 9, 2025
Abstract
Mitochondria
are
essential
for
cellular
function
and
viability,
serving
as
central
hubs
of
metabolism
signaling.
They
possess
various
metabolic
quality
control
mechanisms
crucial
maintaining
normal
activities.
Mitochondrial
genetic
disorders
can
arise
from
a
wide
range
mutations
in
either
mitochondrial
or
nuclear
DNA,
which
encode
proteins
other
contents.
These
defects
lead
to
breakdown
metabolism,
such
the
collapse
oxidative
phosphorylation,
one
mitochondria’s
most
critical
functions.
diseases,
common
group
disorders,
characterized
by
significant
phenotypic
heterogeneity.
Clinical
symptoms
manifest
systems
organs
throughout
body,
with
differing
degrees
forms
severity.
The
complexity
relationship
between
mitochondria
diseases
results
an
inadequate
understanding
genotype-phenotype
correlation
these
historically
making
diagnosis
treatment
challenging
often
leading
unsatisfactory
clinical
outcomes.
However,
recent
advancements
research
technology
have
significantly
improved
our
management
conditions.
translations
mitochondria-related
therapies
actively
progressing.
This
review
focuses
on
physiological
mitochondria,
pathogenesis
potential
diagnostic
therapeutic
applications.
Additionally,
this
discusses
future
perspectives
diseases.
Frontiers in Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Jan. 6, 2025
Chronic
kidney
disease
(CKD)
is
closely
linked
to
the
aging
process,
making
identification
of
protein
biomarkers
that
reflect
in
specific
organs
and
tissues
crucial
for
a
deeper
understanding
this
phenomenon.
This
study
aimed
identify
potential
aging-related
proteins
present
urine
CKD
patients.
Utilizing
liquid
chromatography-tandem
mass
spectrometry
(LC-MS/MS)
proteomic
analysis,
we
identified
total
1,712
samples
from
both
healthy
controls
patients
our
discovery
cohort.
Among
845
overlapped,
found
161
were
associated
with
aging.
By
applying
threshold
p
<
0.05
|log2
(fold
change)
|
>
1.5,
classified
114
as
differentially
expressed
(DEPs).
The
analyzes
conducted
using
Gene
Ontology
Kyoto
Encyclopedia
Genes
Genomes
revealed
DEPs
significantly
enriched
several
clusters
related
In
validation
cohort,
demonstrated
exhibited
lower
urinary
levels
L-selectin
(SELL),
uromodulin
(UMOD),
epidermal
growth
factor
(EGF).
Additionally,
significant
negative
correlation
was
between
age
EGF
levels.
estimated
glomerular
filtration
rate
(eGFR)
showed
positive
SELL,
UMOD,
EGF,
while
24-h
proteinuria
UMOD
EGF.
Furthermore,
negatively
correlated
tubulointerstitial
fibrosis,
glomerulosclerosis.
conclusion,
emphasizes
promise
LC-MS/MS-based
proteomics
analysis
identifying
markers.
Specifically,
have
been
recognized
promising
indicators
CKD.
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: May 14, 2024
As
the
global
population
ages,
incidence
of
elderly
patients
with
dementia,
represented
by
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
will
continue
to
increase.
Previous
studies
have
suggested
that
β-amyloid
protein
(Aβ)
deposition
is
a
key
factor
leading
AD.
However,
clinical
efficacy
treating
AD
anti-Aβ
antibodies
not
satisfactory,
suggesting
Aβ
amyloidosis
may
be
pathological
change
rather
than
Identification
causes
and
development
corresponding
prevention
treatment
strategies
an
important
goal
current
research.
Following
discovery
soluble
oligomeric
forms
(AβO)
in
1998,
scientists
began
focus
on
neurotoxicity
AβOs.
endogenous
neurotoxin,
active
growth
AβOs
can
lead
neuronal
death,
which
believed
occur
before
plaque
formation,
are
factors
PANoptosis,
newly
proposed
concept
cell
death
includes
known
modes
pyroptosis,
apoptosis,
necroptosis,
form
regulated
PANoptosome
complex.
Neuronal
survival
depends
proper
mitochondrial
function.
Under
conditions
AβO
interference,
dysfunction
occurs,
releasing
lethal
contents
as
potential
upstream
effectors
PANoptosome.
Considering
critical
role
neurons
cognitive
function
well
regulatory
survival,
investigation
mechanisms
PANoptosis
crucial.
This
review
describes
disruption
elucidates
how
activate
causing
during
AD,
providing
guidance
for
targeted
strategies.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
323, P. 117685 - 117685
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Placenta
is
a
kind
of
traditional
Chinese
medicine,
known
as
"Ziheche",
which
has
the
function
tonifying
qi
and
blood,
nourishing
liver
kidney.
extract
(PE)
been
used
for
delaying
organismal
aging
treating
various
diseases.
Cow
placenta
rich
natural
resource
with
large
mass.
Its
composition
similar
to
that
human
placenta,
but
it
not
effectively
utilized.
However,
little
about
effect
CPE
on
mice.
Medicinal Research Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
44(4), P. 1904 - 1922
Published: March 14, 2024
The
pursuit
of
enhanced
health
during
aging
has
prompted
the
exploration
various
strategies
focused
on
reducing
decline
associated
with
process.
A
key
area
this
is
management
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
a
notable
characteristic
aging.
This
review
sheds
light
crucial
role
that
small
molecules
play
in
augmenting
healthy
aging,
particularly
through
influencing
functions.
Mitochondrial
oxidative
damage,
significant
aspect
can
potentially
be
lessened
interventions
such
as
coenzyme
Q10,
alpha-lipoic
acid,
and
variety
antioxidants.
Additionally,
discusses
approaches
for
enhancing
proteostasis,
emphasizing
importance
unfolded
protein
response
inducers
like
doxycycline,
agents
affect
mitophagy,
urolithin
A,
spermidine,
trehalose,
taurine,
which
are
vital
sustaining
quality
control.
Of
equal
methods
modulating
energy
production,
involve
nicotinamide
adenine
dinucleotide
boosters,
adenosine
5'-monophosphate-activated
kinase
activators,
compounds
metformin
mitochondria-targeted
tamoxifen
enhance
metabolic
function.
Furthermore,
delves
into
emerging
encourage
biogenesis.
Together,
these
present
promising
avenue
addressing
age-related
degradation,
thereby
setting
stage
development
innovative
treatment
to
meet
extensive
challenge.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(1), P. 364 - 364
Published: Jan. 3, 2025
This
review
describes
our
current
understanding
of
the
role
mitochondria
in
repurposing
anti-diabetes
drugs
metformin,
gliclazide,
GLP-1
receptor
agonists,
and
SGLT2
inhibitors
for
additional
clinical
benefits
regarding
unhealthy
aging,
long
COVID,
mental
neurogenerative
disorders,
obesity.
Metformin,
most
prominent
these
diabetes
drugs,
has
been
called
“Drug
Miracles
Wonders,”
as
trials
have
found
it
to
be
beneficial
human
patients
suffering
from
maladies.
To
promote
viral
replication
all
infected
cells,
SARS-CoV-2
stimulates
liver
cells
produce
glucose
export
into
blood
stream,
which
can
cause
COVID
patients,
reduces
levels
blood,
was
shown
cut
incidence
rate
half
recovering
SARS-CoV-2.
Metformin
leads
phosphorylation
AMP-activated
protein
kinase
AMPK,
accelerates
import
via
transporter
GLUT4
switches
starvation
mode,
counteracting
virus.
Diabetes
also
stimulate
unfolded
response
thus
mitophagy,
is
healthy
aging
health.
were
mimic
exercise
help
reduce
body
weight.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Jan. 6, 2025
Osteoporosis
(OP)
is
a
prevalent
age-related
bone
metabolic
disease.
Aging
and
mitochondrial
dysfunction
are
involved
in
the
onset
progression
of
OP,
but
specific
mechanisms
have
not
been
elucidated.
The
aim
this
study
was
to
identify
novel
potential
biomarkers
associated
with
aging
mitochondria
OP.
In
study,
based
on
GEO
database,
aging-related
mitochondria-related
differentially
expressed
genes
(AR&MRDEGs)
were
screened.
AR&MRDEGs
enriched
structure
function.
Then,
6
key
identified
by
WGCNA
multiple
machine
learning,
diagnostic
model
constructed.
efficacy
validated
using
external
datasets.
results
showed
that
had
favorable
prediction
ability.
Next,
gene
regulatory
networks
constructed
single-gene
GSEA
analysis
performed.
addition,
single-cell
dataset
from
(scDEGs)
identified.
revealed
(AR&MRGs)
ERK
pathway
tissue
stem
cells
(TSCs),
membrane
depolarization
monocytes.
Cellular
communication
TSCs
active,
numerous
signaling
interactions
monocytes,
macrophages
immune
cells.
Finally,
expression
verified
quantitative
real-time
PCR
(qRT-PCR).
This
expected
provide
strategies
for
diagnosis
treatment
OP
targeting
mitochondria.
