Essential Nutrients, Added Sugar Intake, and Epigenetic Age in Midlife Black and White Women

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(7), P. e2422749 - e2422749

Published: July 29, 2024

Importance Nutritive compounds play critical roles in DNA replication, maintenance, and repair, also serve as antioxidant anti-inflammatory agents. Sufficient dietary intakes support genomic stability preserve health. Objective To investigate the associations of patterns, including essential nutrients added sugar, diet quality scores established new nutrient indices with epigenetic age a diverse cohort Black White women at midlife. Design, Setting, Participants This cross-sectional study included analyses (2021-2023) past participants 1987-1997 National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute Growth Health Study (NGHS), which examined cardiovascular health community females aged between 9 19 years. Of these who were recruited 2015 2019 from NGHS’s California site, 342 had valid completed assessments. The data analyzed October 2021 to November 2023. Exposure Diet (Alternate Mediterranean [aMED], Alternate Healthy Eating Index [AHEI]–2010); for novel, priori–developed Epigenetic Nutrient [ENI]; mean sugar intake amounts derived 3-day food records. Main Outcomes Measures GrimAge2, second-generation clock marker, was calculated salivary DNA. Hypotheses formulated after collection. Healthier indicators hypothesized be associated younger age. Results A total composed analytic sample (mean [SD] age, 39.2 [1.1] years; 171 [50.0%] participants). In fully adjusted models, aMED (β, −0.41; 95% CI, −0.69 −0.13), AHEI-2010 −0.05; −0.08 −0.01), ENI −0.17; −0.29 −0.06) scores, 0.02; 0.01-0.04) each significantly GrimAge2 expected directions. combined analyses, aforementioned results preserved association estimates retaining their statistical significance. Conclusions Relevance this study, independent observed both healthy our knowledge, are among first findings demonstrate aging using clocks one extend population Promoting diets aligned chronic disease prevention recommendations replete or pro-epigenetic while emphasizing low consumption may slower cellular relative chronological although longitudinal needed.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the link between cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer: a state-of-the-art review

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 3, 2024

Abstract Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) not only reflects an individual’s capacity to perform physical activities but also encapsulates broader effects on the basic biology of aging. This review aims summarize evidence influence CRF overall and site-specific cancer risks. It delves into biological mechanisms through which may exert its effects, explores clinical implications these findings, identifies gaps in current base, suggests directions for future research. The synthesis findings reveals that higher levels (general threshold > 7 METs) are consistently associated with a reduced risk range cancers, including head neck, lung, breast, gastrointestinal, particularly pancreatic colorectal, bladder, incidence mortality, potentially stomach liver, bile duct, gall bladder cancers. These inverse associations between do generally differ across age groups, sex, race, or adiposity, suggesting universal protective effect CRF. Nonetheless, linking skin, mouth pharynx, kidney, endometrial cancers is limited inconclusive. Conversely, be linked increased prostate hematological malignancies, such as leukemia myeloma, although still conclusive. appears play significant role reducing several various mechanisms, inflammation reduction, immune system enhancement, hormonal regulation, metabolic improvements. Overall, enhancing regular activity offers vital, accessible strategy extending health span. Future research should aim fill existing regarding specific elucidate detailed dose–response relationships risk. Studies needed causal mechanistic pathways outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Trauma, adversity, and biological aging: behavioral mechanisms relevant to treatment and theory

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 12, 2024

Although stress and adversity are largely universal experiences, people exposed to greater hardship at increased risk for negative health consequences. Recent studies identify accelerated biological aging as a mechanism that could explain how trauma gives rise poor health, advances in this area of study coincide with technological innovations the measurement aging, particularly epigenetic profiles consistent derived from DNA methylation. In review, we provide an overview current literature examining might accelerate specific focus on social behaviors. The most extensive evidence suggests health-compromising behaviors, smoking, may partially association between aging. there is relatively less published support role emerging points importance connection future study. Our review highlights need determine extent which associations causal processes. As consider these questions, emphasizes methodological approaches inference can help deepen our understanding result health. use methodologies will behavioral interventions slow improve among populations more often experience trauma.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the epigenetic impact of vegan vs. omnivorous diets on aging: insights from the Twins Nutrition Study (TwiNS)

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: July 29, 2024

Abstract Background Geroscience focuses on interventions to mitigate molecular changes associated with aging. Lifestyle modifications, medications, and social factors influence the aging process, yet complex mechanisms require an in-depth exploration of epigenetic landscape. The specific clock predictor effects a vegan diet, compared omnivorous remain underexplored despite potential impacts aging-related outcomes. Methods This study examined impact entirely plant-based or healthy diet over 8 weeks blood DNA methylation in paired twins. Various measures age acceleration (PC GrimAge, PC PhenoAge, DunedinPACE) were assessed, along system-specific (Inflammation, Heart, Hormone, Liver, Metabolic). Methylation surrogates clinical, metabolite, protein markers analyzed observe diet-specific shifts. Results Distinct responses observed, cohort exhibiting significant decreases overall acceleration, aligning anti-aging diets. Diet-specific shifts noted analysis surrogates, demonstrating trait prediction through markers. An epigenome-wide revealed differentially methylated loci each providing insights into affected pathways. Conclusions suggests that short-term is benefits reduced calorie intake. use biomarker proxies (EBPs) highlights their for assessing dietary facilitating personalized nutrition strategies Future research should explore long-term diets health well-being, considering importance proper nutrient supplementation. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05297825

Language: Английский

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C9orf72 expansion creates the unstable folate-sensitive fragile site FRA9A

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(4)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Abstract The hyper-unstable Chr9p21 locus, harbouring the interferon gene cluster, oncogenes and C9orf72, is linked to multiple diseases. C9orf72 (GGGGCC)n expansions (C9orf72Exp) are associated with incompletely penetrant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia autoimmune disorders. C9orf72Exp patients display hyperactive cGAS-STING-linked immune DNA damage responses, but source of immunostimulatory or damaged unknown. Here, we show in pre-symptomatic sclerosis-frontotemporal patient cells brains cause folate-sensitive chromosomal fragile site, FRA9A. FRA9A centers on >33 kb as highly compacted chromatin embedded an 8.2 Mb fragility zone spanning 9p21, encompassing 46 genes, making one largest sites. instability, heightened global- Chr9p-enriched sister-chromatid exchanges, truncated-Chr9s, acentric-Chr9s Chr9-containing micronuclei, providing endogenous sources DNA. Cells from contained a rearranged FRA9A-expressing Chr9 Chr9-wide dysregulated expression. Somatic repeat instability sensitive folate deficiency. Age-dependent can be transferred CNS peripheral tissues transgenic mice, implicating source. Our results highlight unappreciated effects that trigger vitamin-sensitive chromosome fragility, adding structural variations disease-enriched 9p21 likely elsewhere.

Language: Английский

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Remodeling the Epigenome Through Meditation: Effects on Brain, Body, and Well-being

Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 231 - 260

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Assessment of relationships between epigenetic age acceleration and multiple sclerosis: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study

Epigenetics & Chromatin, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Language: Английский

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Activation of Nuclear Receptor CAR: A Pathway to Delay Aging through Enhanced Capacity for Xenobiotic Resistance

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Environmental factors are linked to aging and age-related diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that enhancing body's resistance xenobiotics might be an anti-aging strategy. The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) regulates drug-metabolizing enzymes transporters, coordinating metabolism immune responses adapt stress triggered by exogenous exposure. However, the impact of activating CAR on remains unknown. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), drug-induced premature mice, senescence accelerated P8 (SAMP8) mice used as models explore effects activation lifespan healthspan, along with underlying mechanisms. results showed hCAR agonist CITCO mCAR TCPOBOP prolonged healthspan in model organism. longevity were attenuated homozygous nhr-8/daf-12 mutant C. well CAR-/- mice. elegans, activated both anti-stress detoxification genes, increased environmental adversities. Additionally, lifespan-extending xenobiotic resistant related regulation pathways. Furthermore, improved neurodegeneration models. Taken together, suggest agonists may enhancement animals.

Language: Английский

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Short-term fasting before living kidney donation has an immune-modulatory effect

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Short-Term Fasting (STF) is an intervention reducing the intake of calories, without causing undernutrition or micronutrient-related malnutrition. It aims to systemically improve resilience against acute stress. Several (pre-)clinical studies have suggested protective effects STF, marking systemic STF can induce in respect surgery and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, also affects number circulating immune cells. We aim determine effect on abundance phenotype different cell populations. Thirty participants were randomly selected from FAST clinical trial, including living kidney donors, randomized STF-diet control arm. observational cohort sub-study we prospectively included 30 patients who donated blood samples repeatedly during study runtime. Using flow cytometry analyses, phenotyping was performed peripheral mononuclear Three panels designed investigate presence activation status T cells, B dendritic cells (DCs) myeloid Eight excluded due sample constraints. Baseline characteristics showed no significant differences, except for fasting duration. Weight changes minimal non-significant across time intervals, with slight trends toward long-term weight loss pre-surgery. Glucose, insulin, β-hydroxybutyrate levels differed significantly between groups, reflecting adherence diet. Flow RNA sequencing analysis revealed baseline differences high variability within each group. regulatory increased (naïve) elevation type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s). a decrease central memory observed. this study, observed DCs, specifically less specialized lymphocytes, suggesting arrest development. Further research should focus implications significance these immunological changes. results reduced numbers Tregs, cDC1s.

Language: Английский

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Job involvement in heavy manual or physical work associated with epigenetic age: A Mendelian randomization study

Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 104(8), P. e41541 - e41541

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Engaging in heavy manual or physical work has been linked to various health outcomes, but its effect on physiological aging, as measured by epigenetic clocks, remains unclear. This study aims analyze the causal relationship between and age acceleration using Mendelian randomization (MR). In this study, we explored link job involvement 4 different clocks 2-sample MR. Our analytical approach included inverse-variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, mode methods. The primary analyses utilized IVW with random effects, supplemented sensitivity heterogeneity tests both MR-Egger. MR-Egger was also applied for pleiotropy testing. Additionally, a leave-one-out analysis helped identify potentially impactful single-nucleotide polymorphisms. revealed positive association clock acceleration. There statistically significant associations higher PhenoAge HannumAge (β = 1.692, 95% CI [0.349 3.035], P .013 PhenoAge; β 0.917, [0.024 1.809], .044 HannumAge, respectively). test that our exhibited minimal ( > .05), findings confirmed absence of within .05). provides partial evidence Further experimental research is required confirm these findings.

Language: Английский

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