Integrated Analysis of Multi-Parameter Precursors to the Fukushima Offshore Earthquake (Mj = 7.3) on 13 February 2021 and Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling Channels
Atmosphere,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(8), P. 1015 - 1015
Published: Aug. 21, 2024
The
preparation
phase
of
earthquakes
(EQs)
has
been
investigated
by
making
full
use
multi-parameter
and
multi-layer
observations
EQ
precursors,
in
order
to
better
understand
the
lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere
coupling
(LAIC)
process.
For
this
purpose,
we
chose
a
specific
target
EQ,
huge
Fukushima-ken-oki
on
13
February
2021
(magnitude
Mj
=
7.3).
We
initially
reported
precursors
different
physical
parameters
not
only
lithosphere,
but
also
atmosphere
ionosphere
(Hayakawa
et
al.
followed
Akhoondzadeh
Draz
al.,
both
based
satellite
observations).
Our
first
two
papers
dealt
with
seven
electromagnetic
three
layers
(with
emphasis
our
own
ground-based
lower
ionosphere),
while
second
paper
Swarm
magnetic
field,
electron
density,
GPS
TEC
ionosphere,
third
climatological
above
Earth’s
surface
(together
TEC).
have
extensively
reviewed
all
these
results,
coordinated
temporal
evolutions
various
relevant
LAIC
system;
sought
which
hypothesis
is
more
plausible
explaining
Then,
came
conclusion
that
possible
channels
seem
exist
simultaneously
for
EQ:
fast
channel
(nearly
simultaneous
responses
ground
slow
(or
diffusion-type),
time
delay
few
several
days,
agent
effects
lithosphere
lowest
propagate
up
definite
delay.
Finally,
suggested
some
research
directions
future
elucidation
channels,
made
comments
an
early
warning
system.
Language: Английский
A novel approach for optimizing regional geoid modeling over rugged terrains based on global geopotential models and artificial intelligence algorithms
The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
27(4), P. 656 - 668
Published: Sept. 19, 2024
Language: Английский