The Journal of Physiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 8, 2024
Abstract
The
placenta
plays
an
essential
role
in
pregnancy,
leading
to
proper
fetal
development
and
growth.
As
organ
with
multiple
physiological
functions
for
both
mother
fetus,
it
is
a
highly
energetic
metabolically
demanding
tissue.
Mitochondrial
physiology
crucial
the
metabolism
of
this
thus
any
alteration
mitochondrial
dysfunction
has
severe
outcome
fetus.
Pregnancy‐related
pathological
states
include
preeclampsia
gestational
diabetes
mellitus.
In
review,
we
address
morphology,
during
highlighting
roles
cytotrophoblast
syncytiotrophoblast.
We
also
describe
relationship
between
preeclampsia,
diabetes,
diabesity
pre‐pregnancy
maternal
obesity
dysfunction.
image
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(21), P. 4623 - 4623
Published: Oct. 31, 2023
Chronic
diseases
represent
one
of
the
major
causes
death
worldwide.
It
has
been
suggested
that
pregnancy-related
conditions,
such
as
gestational
diabetes
mellitus
(GDM),
maternal
obesity
(MO),
and
intra-uterine
growth
restriction
(IUGR)
induce
an
adverse
intrauterine
environment,
increasing
offspring’s
predisposition
to
chronic
later
in
life.
Research
mitochondrial
function
oxidative
stress
may
play
a
role
developmental
programming
diseases.
Having
this
mind,
review,
we
include
evidence
dysfunction
are
mechanisms
by
which
GDM,
MO,
IUGR
program
offspring
In
specific
context,
explore
promising
advantages
antioxidant
supplementation
using
compounds
resveratrol,
curcumin,
N-acetylcysteine
(NAC),
Mitoquinone
(MitoQ)
addressing
metabolic
associated
with
fetoplacental
health.
This
approach
holds
potential
mitigate
programming-related
risk
diseases,
serving
probable
intervention
for
disease
prevention.
BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
25(1)
Published: March 18, 2025
Gestational
diabetes
mellitus
(GDM)
is
one
of
the
most
common
complications
during
pregnancy
and
has
been
on
a
continuous
increase
in
recent
years.
This
study
aimed
to
establish
combined
prediction
model
for
risk
GDM
provide
more
reliable
reference
information
non-invasive
assessment
clinical
practice.
retrospectively
collected
data
ultrasound
122
pregnant
women
who
underwent
fetal
nuchal
translucency
screening,
which
divided
into
36
cases
group
86
non-gestational
mellitus(NGDM)
group.
The
were
analyzed
using
Student's
t-test
Wilcoxon
W
test
univariate
analysis.
Independent
factors
patients
with
screened
through
binary
logistic
regression
A
was
established
based
results,
diagnostic
performance
different
models
evaluated
by
drawing
receiver
operating
characteristic
curve(ROC).
optimal
selected,
calibration
curve
decision
drawn
evaluate
goodness
fit
application
efficiency
model.
Univariate
results
showed
that
age,
body
mass
index(BMI),
number
abortions,
gravidity,
placental
volume(PV),
vascularization
index(VI),
flow
index(FI),
index(VFI)
all
had
statistically
significant
differences
between
NGDM
groups(p
<
0.05).
Binary
analysis
BMI,
PV,
VI,
FI
independent
development
(p
Based
these
five
this
study.
Their
area
under
ROC
curve(AUC)
0.67,
0.80,
0.87,
0.85,
respectively.
combining
30°
highest
AUC,
so
we
constructed
nomogram
its
good
fit,
efficiency.
accuracy
value
predicting
GDM.
Acta Physiologica,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
241(5)
Published: March 29, 2025
The
microvascular
system
is
essential
for
delivering
oxygen
and
nutrients
to
tissues
while
removing
metabolic
waste.
During
pregnancy,
the
uteroplacental
undergoes
extensive
remodeling
meet
increased
demands
of
fetus.
Key
adaptations
include
vessel
dilation
increases
in
vascular
volume,
density,
permeability,
all
which
ensure
adequate
placental
perfusion
maintaining
stable
maternal
blood
pressure.
Structural
functional
abnormalities
microvasculature
are
associated
with
various
gestational
complications,
posing
both
immediate
long-term
risks
health
mother
infant.
In
this
review,
we
describe
changes
microvessels
during
discuss
pathogenic
mechanisms
underlying
diseases
such
as
preeclampsia,
fetal
growth
restriction,
diabetes,
summarize
current
clinical
research
approaches
monitoring
health.
We
also
provide
an
update
on
models
complications
explore
solutions
several
unresolved
challenges.
With
advancements
techniques,
anticipate
significant
progress
understanding
managing
these
diseases,
ultimately
leading
new
therapeutic
strategies
improve
The Journal of Physiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 11, 2025
Abstract
Gestational
diabetes
mellitus
(GDM)
is
linked
to
altered
fetal
development
and
an
increased
risk
of
offspring
developing
cardiometabolic
diseases
in
adulthood.
The
mechanisms
responsible
are
unclear;
however,
GDM
associated
with
fetoplacental
vascularisation,
fibrosis
endothelial
dysfunction.
In
non‐pregnant
individuals
diabetes,
similar
vascular
changes
attributed
disruptions
endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal
transition
(EndMT),
a
key
process
where
cells
adopt
mesenchymal
phenotype.
Here,
we
assess
whether
alterations
the
macro‐
microvasculature
EndMT,
using
human
umbilical
vein
(HUVECs)
term
placental
tissue,
respectively.
Transforming
growth
factor
(TGF)‐β2
interleukin
(IL)‐1β
induced
morphological
molecular
consistent
EndMT
both
non‐GDM
HUVECs.
ability
TGF‐β2
IL‐1β
alter
expression
known
regulators,
VWF
,
TGFBR1
IL1B
IL1R1
was
diminished
HUVECs;
all
other
hallmarks
were
similar.
villous
Slug
Snail,
two
transcriptional
regulators
detected
stroma,
suggesting
that
probably
occurs
microvasculature.
We
observed
reduction
marker
genes
PECAM1
CDH5
placentas,
reduced
vascularisation.
This
accompanied
by
SNAI2
TGB2
TGFB3
TGFBR2
;
there
no
change
markers
or
regulators.
suggests
may
be
some
but
this
does
not
fully
explain
dysfunction
vascularisation
vasculature
pregnancies
complicated
GDM.
image
Key
points
has
been
Disruptions
phenotype,
complications
investigated.
(HUVECs).
Although
mediators,
HUVECs,
Transcriptional
placenta.
Despite
markers,
as
well
TGFB2/3
placenta,
markers.
that,
although
GDM,
explained
EndMT.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 18, 2024
Abstract
Purpose
Gestational
diabetes
mellitus
(GDM)
is
one
of
the
most
common
morbidities
pregnancy.
The
impact
increased
maternal
blood
glucose
on
fetoplacental
hemodynamics
not
fully
elucidated,
especially
in
patients
with
uncontrolled
GDM
necessitating
insulin
therapy.
objective
this
study
was
to
assess
therapy
umbilical
artery
dopplers
pregnancies
adequate
for
gestational
age
fetuses.
Methods
Retrospective
observational
among
447
pregnant
women,
divided
according
their
treatment:
nutritiona
(NT),
long
acting
(LA)
and
combined
insulin.
pulsatility
index
(UA-PI)
recorded
at
28,
32
36
weeks.
Results
UA-PI
values
declined
both
healthy
controls
all
3
time
interval.
group
showed
always
a
reduced
comparison
LA
but
difference
never
reached
statistical
significance.
exhibited
significant
36-weeks’
gestation
compared
NT
groups.
Conclusion
A
decreased
impedence
flow
diabetic
mothers
observed,
more
pronounced
during
final
stage
Maternal
hyperglycemia
could
have
worsening
effect
fetal
vasculature.
Nevertheless,
extent
which
PI
can
predict
unfavorable
outcomes
associated
has
yet
be
determined.
Further
additional
prospective
studies
are
necessary
confirm
precise
levels
medical
interventions
circulation
fetus
mother.
Healthcare,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(19), P. 1972 - 1972
Published: Oct. 3, 2024
Background/Objectives:
Gestational
diabetes
mellitus
(GDM)
is
one
of
the
most
common
morbidities
pregnancy.
The
impact
increased
maternal
blood
glucose
on
fetoplacental
hemodynamics
not
fully
elucidated,
especially
in
patients
with
uncontrolled
GDM
necessitating
insulin
therapy.
objective
this
study
was
to
assess
therapy
umbilical
artery
dopplers
pregnancies
adequate
for
gestational-age
fetuses.
Methods:
Retrospective
observational
among
447
pregnant
women,
divided
according
their
treatment
(nutritional
(NT),
long
acting
(LA)
insulin,
combined
insulin)
and
100
healthy
controls
same
gestational
age.
pulsatility
index
(UA-PI)
recorded
at
28,
32
36
weeks.
Results:
UA-PI
values
declined
both
all
three
time
intervals.
group
showed
reduced
comparison
LA
group,
but
difference
never
reached
statistical
significance.
exhibited
significantly
32-
36-weeks’
gestation
compared
NT
groups.
Conclusions:
A
decreased
impedance
flow
diabetic
mothers
observed.
This
more
pronounced
during
last
trimester.
extent
which
PI
can
predict
unfavorable
outcomes
has
yet
be
determined.
Further
additional
studies
are
necessary
confirm
precise
levels
medical
interventions
circulation
fetus
mother.
The Journal of Physiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 29, 2024
Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
play
a
crucial
role
in
mediating
communication
between
cells
across
species
and
kingdoms.
The
intercellular
facilitated
by
EVs
through
autocrine
paracrine
signalling
mechanisms
is
essential
for
cell
survival,
maintaining
normal
metabolic
functions
ensuring
overall
bodily
homeostasis
health.
are
present
various
fluids,
such
as
pleural
effusions,
plasma,
breast
milk,
amniotic
fluid,
semen
saliva.
Additionally,
the
generation
release
of
contribute
to
removal
cellular
waste.
Patients
with
obesity
exhibit
higher
amount
circulating
than
individuals
weight.
This
increased
EV
might
inflammatory
state
characteristic
this
condition,
because
levels
pro‐inflammatory
molecules
found
within
their
cargo.
However,
interpreting
results
related
abundance,
cargo
biological
actions
can
be
complicated
several
factors;
these
include
variations
sources,
wide
age
range
(from
children
elderly),
mix
females
males,
medication
use
health
status,
body
weights
weight
morbid
obesity)
differences
vitro
assays
using
lines
versus
primary
cultures.
article
addresses
shortcomings,
limitations
gaps
knowledge,
providing
framework
enhancing
our
understanding
physiological
effects
on
obesity.
image
