Resolvins in inflammation: emergence of the pro-resolving superfamily of mediators

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 128(7), P. 2657 - 2669

Published: May 13, 2018

Countless times each day, the acute inflammatory response protects us from invading microbes, injuries, and insults within, as in surgery-induced tissue injury. These challenges go unnoticed because they are self-limited naturally resolve without progressing to chronic inflammation. Peripheral blood markers of inflammation present many common diseases, including bowel disease, cardiovascular neurodegenerative cancer. While is protective, excessive swarming neutrophils amplifies collateral damage Hence, understanding mechanisms that control resolution provides insight into preventing treating diseases multiple organs. This Review focuses on phase with identification specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) involve three separate biosynthetic potent mediator families, which defined using first quantitative indices score this vital process. resolvins, protectins, maresins: bioactive metabolomes stimulate innate responses, enhance microbial killing clearance, organ-protective. We briefly address biosynthesis SPMs their activation endogenous programs terrain for new therapeutic approaches not, by definition, immunosuppressive, but rather immunoresolvent therapies.

Language: Английский

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Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: from molecules to man

Biochemical Society Transactions, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 45(5), P. 1105 - 1115

Published: Sept. 12, 2017

Inappropriate, excessive or uncontrolled inflammation contributes to a range of human diseases. Inflammation involves multitude cell types, chemical mediators and interactions. The present article will describe nutritional metabolic aspects omega-6 (n-6) omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids explain the roles bioactive members those acid families in inflammatory processes. Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) docosahexaenoic (DHA) are n-3 found oily fish oil supplements. These capable partly inhibiting many including leucocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression leucocyte–endothelial adhesive interactions, production eicosanoids like prostaglandins leukotrienes from n-6 arachidonic pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, EPA gives rise that often have lower biological potency than produced acid, DHA give anti-inflammatory resolving called resolvins, protectins maresins. Mechanisms underlying actions include altered membrane phospholipid composition, disruption lipid rafts, inhibition activation transcription factor nuclear κB so reducing genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Animal experiments demonstrate benefit models conditions. Human trials oral rheumatoid arthritis stabilizing advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Intravenous may benefits critically ill patients through reduced inflammation. EPA, their derivatives clinical relevance.

Language: Английский

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Functional Roles of Fatty Acids and Their Effects on Human Health

Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 39(1S)

Published: July 15, 2015

A variety of fatty acids exists in the diet humans, bloodstream and cells tissues humans. Fatty are energy sources membrane constituents. They have biological activities that act to influence cell tissue metabolism, function, responsiveness hormonal other signals. The may be grouped as regulation structure function; intracellular signaling pathways, transcription factor activity, gene expression; production bioactive lipid mediators. Through these effects, health, well‐being, disease risk. effects saturated, cis monounsaturated, ω‐6 ω‐3 polyunsaturated, trans discussed. Although traditionally most interest health impact related cardiovascular disease, it is now clear a range diseases, including metabolic diseases such type 2 diabetes, inflammatory cancer. Scientists, regulators, communicators described impacts according acid class. However, obvious within any class, different members actions effects. Thus, would seem more appropriate describe individual named acids, although recognized this challenge when communicating outside an academic environment (eg, consumers).

Language: Английский

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Omega-6 fatty acids and inflammation

Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 132, P. 41 - 48

Published: March 22, 2018

Language: Английский

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Beneficial Outcomes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Human Health: An Update for 2021

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 2421 - 2421

Published: July 15, 2021

Oxidative stress and inflammation have been recognized as important contributors to the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may regulate antioxidant signaling pathway modulate inflammatory processes. They also influence hepatic lipid metabolism physiological responses other organs, including heart. Longitudinal prospective cohort studies demonstrate that there is an association between moderate intake omega-6 PUFA linoleic acid lower cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), most likely a result blood cholesterol concentration. Current evidence suggests increasing arachidonic (up 1500 mg/day) has no adverse effect on platelet aggregation clotting, immune function markers inflammation, but benefit muscle cognitive performance. Many show higher intakes omega-3 PUFAs, especially eicosapentaenoic (EPA) docosahexaenoic (DHA), are associated with incidence characterized by elevated CVDs. This because multiple molecular cellular actions EPA DHA. Intervention trials using + DHA indicate CVD mortality significant inverse linear dose-response relationship found outcomes. In addition their anti-inflammatory roles, considered homeostasis thrombosis, which together potential use in COVID-19 therapy.

Language: Английский

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Endometriosis: Etiology, pathobiology, and therapeutic prospects

Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 184(11), P. 2807 - 2824

Published: May 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Obesity, Inflammation, Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Fatty Acids

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 432 - 432

Published: March 30, 2018

Obesity leads to an inflammatory condition that is directly involved in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain types cancer. The classic response acute reaction infections or tissue injuries, it tends move towards resolution homeostasis. However, process was observed individuals affected by obesity metabolic syndrome differs from classical respects. This manifests itself systemically characterized a chronic low-intensity reaction. toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway acknowledged as one main triggers obesity-induced response. aim present review describe role played TLR4 its modulation saturated omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Studies indicate acids can induce inflammation activating pathway. Conversely, acids, such eicosapentaenoic acid docosahexaenoic acid, exert anti-inflammatory actions through attenuation activation either lipopolysaccharides

Language: Английский

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Harnessing global fisheries to tackle micronutrient deficiencies

Nature, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 574(7776), P. 95 - 98

Published: Sept. 25, 2019

Language: Английский

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Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Neurological Disorders

Neurotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 699 - 730

Published: Aug. 11, 2015

Language: Английский

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Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19

BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 74 - 92

Published: May 20, 2020

The immune system protects the host from pathogenic organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites). To deal with this array of threats, has evolved to include a myriad specialised cell types, communicating molecules and functional responses. is always active, carrying out surveillance, but its activity enhanced if an individual becomes infected. This heightened accompanied by increased rate metabolism, requiring energy sources, substrates for biosynthesis regulatory molecules, which are all ultimately derived diet. A number vitamins (A, B 6 , 12 folate, C, D E) trace elements (zinc, copper, selenium, iron) have been demonstrated key roles in supporting human reducing risk infections. Other essential nutrients including other elements, amino acids fatty also important. Each named above antibacterial antiviral defence, zinc selenium seem be particularly important latter. It would prudent individuals consume sufficient amounts support their help them pathogens should they become gut microbiota plays role educating regulating system. Gut dysbiosis feature disease many infectious diseases described COVID-19. Dietary approaches achieve healthy can benefit Severe infection respiratory epithelium lead acute distress syndrome (ARDS), characterised excessive damaging inflammation, termed cytokine storm. seen cases severe There evidence ARDS settings that storm controlled n-3 acids, possibly through metabolism pro-resolving mediators.

Language: Английский

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