The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Alzheimer’s Disease: Neuroinflammation Is to Blame?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 37 - 37

Published: Dec. 24, 2020

For years, it has been reported that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Various external and internal factors may contribute to early onset AD. This review highlights a contribution disturbances in microbiota–gut–brain (MGB) axis development Alteration gut microbiota composition determined by increase permeability barrier immune cell activation, leading impairment blood–brain function promotes neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, neural injury, ultimately Numerous studies have shown plays crucial role brain changes behavior individuals formation bacterial amyloids. Lipopolysaccharides amyloids synthesized can trigger cells residing activate response neuroinflammation. Growing experimental clinical data indicate prominent dysbiosis microbiota–host interactions Modulation with antibiotics or probiotic supplementation create new preventive therapeutic options Accumulating evidences affirm research on MGB involvement AD necessary for treatment targets therapies

Language: Английский

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Microbiota in anorexia nervosa: The triangle between bacterial species, metabolites and psychological tests

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. e0179739 - e0179739

Published: June 21, 2017

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disease with devastating physical consequences, pathophysiological mechanism still to be elucidated. Metagenomic studies on anorexia have revealed profound gut microbiome perturbations as possible environmental factor involved in the disease. In this study we performed comprehensive analysis integrating data microbiota clinical, anthropometric and psychological traits gain new insight pathophysiology of AN. Fifteen AN women were compared fifteen age-, sex- ethnicity-matched healthy controls. diet was characterized by significant lower energy intake, but macronutrient highlighted restriction only fats carbohydrates consumption. Next generation sequencing showed that intestinal significantly affected at every taxonomic level, showing increase Enterobacteriaceae, archeon Methanobrevibacter smithii On contrary, genera Roseburia, Ruminococcus Clostridium, depleted, line observed reduction total short chain fatty acids, butyrate, propionate. Butyrate concentrations inversely correlated anxiety levels, whereas propionate directly insulin levels relative abundance Roseburia inulinivorans, known producer. BMI represented best predictive value for dysbiosis metabolic alterations, negative correlation Bacteroides uniformis (microbiota), alanine aminotransferase (liver function), psychopathological scores (obsession-compulsion, anxiety, depression), positive white blood cells count. conclusion, our findings corroborate hypothesis could take part neurobiology, particular sustaining persistence alterations eventually result relapses after renourishment therapy, causality needs proven.

Language: Английский

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Prenatal maternal stress, fetal programming, and mechanisms underlying later psychopathology—A global perspective

Development and Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 30(3), P. 843 - 854

Published: Aug. 1, 2018

There is clear evidence that the mother's stress, anxiety, or depression during pregnancy can alter development of her fetus and child, with an increased risk for later psychopathology. We are starting to understand some underlying mechanisms including role placenta, gene-environment interactions, epigenetics, specific systems hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis cytokines. In this review we also consider how these effects may be different, potentially exacerbated, in different parts world. many reasons elevated prenatal as communities at war. raised pregnancy-specific anxiety high levels maternal infant death. interpersonal violence (in Afghanistan 90.2% women thought "wife beating" was justified compared 2.0% Argentina). interactions nutritional deficiencies extremes temperature. Prenatal stress alters microbiome, differ countries. Genetic differences ethnic groups make more vulnerable resilient on child neurodevelopment. Most research questions has been predominantly Caucasian samples from high-income It now time about psychopathology, both social biological differences, rest

Language: Английский

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Gut feelings: A randomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial of probiotics for depressive symptoms

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 253, P. 317 - 326

Published: May 9, 2019

Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide; with evidence suggesting that decreased gut barrier function and inflammation are correlated depressive symptoms. We conducted a clinical trial to determine effect consumption probiotic supplements (Winclove's Ecologic® Barrier) on symptoms in sample participants mild severe depression.71 were randomly allocated either or placebo, which was, consumed daily over eight weeks. Pre- post-intervention measures vulnerability markers depression as well microbiota composition compared. Clinical also compared psychological variables non-depressed group (n = 20).All demonstrated improvement symptoms, non-specific therapeutic effects associated weekly monitoring visits. Participants significantly greater reduction cognitive reactivity placebo group, particularly mild/moderate subgroup. Probiotics did not alter depressed individuals, however, significant correlation was found between Ruminococcus gnavus one metric.There high attrition rate, may be attributed Additionally, modulation need more specific testing distinguish subtle changes.While similar all groups, probiotics affect variable susceptibility depression. Further research needed investigate how can utilised modify mental wellbeing, whether they act an adjunct existing treatments.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Their Neuroinflammatory Implications in Alzheimer’s Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 1765 - 1765

Published: Nov. 14, 2018

The bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health. Increasing numbers of studies suggest that can influence brain behavior patients. Various metabolites secreted by affect cognitive ability patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases. Nearly one every ten Korean senior citizens suffers from Alzheimer’s disease (AD), most common form dementia. This review highlights impact on pathways gut, as well neuroinflammatory roles they may have AD objectives this are follows: (1) to examine intestinal homeostatic brain, termed microbiota–gut–brain (MGB) axis; (2) determine underlying mechanisms signal dysfunction; (3) assess dysfunction induced AD. will aid understanding elderly people

Language: Английский

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Prebiotic Effect of Fructooligosaccharides from Morinda officinalis on Alzheimer’s Disease in Rodent Models by Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 7, 2017

Gut microbiota influences the central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The prebiotics and probiotics can improve host cognition. A previous study demonstrated that fructooligosaccharides from Morinda officinalis (OMO) exert effective memory improvements in AD-like animals, thereby considered potential prebiotics; however, underlying mechanism still remains enigma. Thus, present investigated whether OMO is alleviating AD by targeting microbiota-gut-brain axis. was administered rats with symptoms (D-galactose- Aβ1-42-induced deficient rats). Significant systematic deterioration animals were identified, including learning abilities, histological changes, production of cytokines, microbial community shifts. Behavioral experiments administration ameliorate abilities both significantly. parameters showed cannot only oxidative stress inflammation disorder, but also regulate synthesis secretion neurotransmitter. Histological changes indicated ameliorates swelling brain tissues, neuronal apoptosis, down-regulation expression intracellular markers (Tau Aβ1-42). 16S rRNA sequencing gut maintains diversity stability community. In addition, regulated composition metabolism inflammatory bowel (IBD) mice model treated overdosed antibiotics thus prebiotic potential. Moreover, plays a major role neurodevelopment, leading to alterations gene critical intestinal regions, resulting perturbation programming normal cognitive behaviors. Taken together, our findings suggest therapeutic effect traditional medicine, M. officinalis, on various neurological diseases AD, at least partially contributed its naturally occurring chemical constituent, OMO, via modulating interaction between ecology physiology.

Language: Английский

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Gut Dysbiosis in Animals Due to Environmental Chemical Exposures

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Sept. 8, 2017

The gut microbiome consists of over 103 to 104 microorganism inhabitants that together possess 150 times more genes the human genome and thus should be considered an "organ" in itself. Such communities bacteria are dynamic flux susceptible changes host environment body condition. In turn, disturbances can affect health status host. Gut dysbiosis might result obesity, diabetes, gastrointestinal, immunological, neurobehavioral disorders. diseases originate due shifts microbiota favoring pathogenic species produce various virulence factors, such as lipopolysaccharide. Bacterial factors metabolites may transmitted distal target sites, including brain. Other potential mechanisms by which include bacterial-produced metabolites, production hormones mimic those produced host, epimutations. All animals, humans, exposed daily environmental chemicals influence microbiome. Exposure lead downstream systemic effects occur secondary disturbances. Increasing reports have shown chemical exposures both resident this review, we will first consider current knowledge how endocrine disrupting (EDCs), heavy metals, air pollution, nanoparticles second part review chemical-induced subsequently induce pathophysiological responses although definitive evidence for is still lacking. By understanding these dysbiosis, it open up new remediation strategies chemicals.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota, cognitive frailty and dementia in older individuals: a systematic review

Clinical Interventions in Aging, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: Volume 13, P. 1497 - 1511

Published: Aug. 1, 2018

Cognitive frailty, defined as the coexistence of mild cognitive impairment symptoms and physical frailty phenotype in older persons, is increasingly considered main geriatric condition predisposing to dementia. Recent studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota may be involved physiopathology by promoting chronic inflammation anabolic resistance. The contribution development dementia less defined, even though concept "gut-brain axis" has been well for other neuropsychiatric disorders. aim this systematic review was summarize current state-of-the-art literature on alterations associated with elucidate effects pre- or probiotic administration symptom modulation animal models aging human beings. We identified 47 papers original data (31 from 16 studies) suitable inclusion according our aims. concluded several observational intervention performed (mainly Alzheimer's disease) support a gut-brain regulation symptoms. Modulation vagal activity bacterial synthesis substances active host neural metabolism, amyloid deposition are mechanisms physiopathologic link. Conversely, there substantial lack data, both studies, preventing formulate any clinical recommendation topic. Gut function represents, however, promising area research identifying novel preventive treatment strategies against

Language: Английский

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Polyphenols-gut microbiota interplay and brain neuromodulation

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 2055 - 2055

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Increasing evidence suggests that food ingested polyphenols can have beneficial effects in neuronal protection acting against oxidative stress and inflammatory injury. Moreover, been reported to promote cognitive functions. Biotransformation of is needed obtain metabolites active brain it occurs through their processing by gut microbiota. Polyphenols could directly act as neurotransmitters crossing the blood-brain barrier or indirectly modulating cerebrovascular system. The microbiota-gut-brain axis considered a neuroendocrine system acts bidirectionally plays an important role responses. produced microbiota metabolism modulate bacterial composition biochemistry central nervous Gut be influenced dietary ingestion natural bioactive molecules such probiotics, prebiotics polyphenol. Microbiota altered changes gastrointestinal dysfunctions are observed neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, several pieces support idea alterations enteric neuroimmune contribute onset progression these age-related disorders. impact on strengthens maintaining healthy microbiome diet essential for having across lifespan. emerging they used novel therapeutics prevent from neurodegeneration.

Language: Английский

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Close social relationships correlate with human gut microbiota composition

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2019

Abstract Social relationships shape human health and mortality via behavioral, psychosocial, physiological mechanisms, including inflammatory immune responses. Though not tested in studies, recent primate studies indicate that the gut microbiome may also be a biological mechanism linking to health. Integrating microbiota data into 60-year-old Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, we found socialness with family friends is associated differences fecal microbiota. Analysis of spouse (N = 94) sibling pairs 83) further revealed spouses have more similar bacterial taxa common than siblings, no observed between unrelated pairs. These held even after accounting for dietary factors. The individuals married couples was driven entirely by who reported close relationships; there were similarity reporting somewhat individuals. Moreover, harbor microbial communities greater diversity richness relative those living alone, greatest among relationships, which notable given decades research documenting benefits marriage. results suggest interactions, especially sustained, marital influence

Language: Английский

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