The hidden base of the iceberg: gut peptidoglycome dynamics is foundational to its influence on the host

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Sept. 6, 2024

The intestinal microbiota of humans includes a highly diverse range bacterial species. All these bacteria possess cell wall, composed primarily the macromolecule peptidoglycan. As such, gut also harbors an abundant and varied peptidoglycome. A remarkable host physiological pathways are regulated by peptidoglycan fragments that originate from enter system. Interactions between system can influence development homeostasis, promote health, or contribute to inflammatory disease. Underlying effects is interplay composition enzymatic processes shape peptidoglycome, dictating types generated, subsequently cross barrier. In this review, we highlight discuss hidden emerging functional aspects microbiome, i.e. base iceberg, modulate peptidoglycan, how fundamental drivers outcomes for host.

Language: Английский

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Pathogens Driving Central Nervous System Immunopathology

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Drosophila's sensory responses to bacterial peptidoglycan integrates positive and negative signals

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 2, 2024

Abstract Interactions between animals, including humans, and surrounding microbes are governed by a delicate balance, crucial for survival. Animals must distinguish respond adequately to beneficial harmful maintain homeostasis. Recent research suggests that bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharide peptidoglycan (PGN) influence host behavior modulating neuronal activity. PGN detection specific neurons can prompt infected female flies reduce oviposition or trigger avoidance behaviors via gustatory neurons. Using behavioral assays calcium imaging, we found PGNs also act attractants, activating the sweet taste circuit in concentration-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate integrate PGN-derived positive negative signals make ad hoc decisions. This dual response underlines need Drosophila different concentrations of compounds their environment, integrating sensory data navigate efficiently microbe-co-inhabited environments. Highlights - Bacterial is attractive at high Gr5a activated an NF-kB independent manner PER remains axenic Fly integrates both aversive

Language: Английский

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Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins (PGRPs) and Lysozyme

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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